气动振动式匀种装置工作参数的优化及试验

引用本文

齐龙, 谭祖庭, 马旭, 陈国锐, 谢俊锋, 邝健霞. 气动振动式匀种装置工作参数的优化及试验. 44(6): 1684-1691
QI Long, TAN Zu-ting, MA Xu, CHEN Guo-rui, XIE Jun-feng, KUANG Jian-xia. Optimization and test of operational parameters of pneumatic vibration uniform-seeds device. Journal of Jilin University Engineering and Technology Edition, 44(6): 1684-1691 复制到剪切板

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气动振动式匀种装置工作参数的优化及试验

齐龙¹, 谭祖庭^1,², 马旭¹, 陈国锐¹, 谢俊锋¹, 邝健霞¹

1.华南农业大学工程学院,广州 510642

2.惠州雷士光电科技有限公司, 广东惠州 516021

通信作者:马旭(1959),男,教授,博士生导师.研究方向:现代农业技术装备.E-mail:maxu1959@scau.edu.cn

作者简介:齐龙(1979),男,副研究员,博士.研究方向:现代农业技术与智能装备.E-mail:qilong@scau.edu.cn

基金:“863”国家高技术研究发展计划项目(2012AA10A501); 高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金项目(20114404110004); 国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(201203059); 现代农业产业技术体系建设专项基金项目(CARS-01-33);

摘要

为了提高杂交稻在低播种量时的播种性能,对水稻秧盘育秧精密播种机气动振动匀种装置进行了理论分析和试验研究。通过振动分析确定了振动匀种装置稳定均匀排种的条件。采用正交试验方法,研究了播种量分别为45 g/盘、65 g/盘和85 g/盘时,气源排储比A、V-T振盘筛分板的梯形半差C和安装角β对播种合格率和空穴率的影响规律,得到3种播种量的最佳参数组合分别为气源排储比A为0.036/40,梯形半差C为5 mm,安装角β分别为-4°、0°、+4°。最佳参数组合下的试验结果表明:播种量为45 g/盘、65 g/盘和85 g/盘时的播种合格率分别为88.33%、90.83%和93.06%,空穴率分别为1.67%、0.56%和0%,播种性能能够满足超级杂交稻和杂交稻低播种量精密播种的技术要求。

关键词: 农业工程; 水稻育秧; 水稻精密播种器; 振动匀种盘装置; 正交试验

中图分类号:TH113.1 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1671-5497(2014)06-1684-08

Optimization and test of operational parameters of pneumatic vibration uniform-seeds device

QI Long¹, TAN Zu-ting^1,², MA Xu¹, CHEN Guo-rui¹, XIE Jun-feng¹, KUANG Jian-xia¹

1.College of Engineering , South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China

2.NVC Lighting Technology Corporation, Huizhou 516021, China

Abstract

A precision seeder for tray nursing seedlings of rice was developed using a new-type pneumatic vibration uniform-seeds device to promote the sowing performance of hybrid rice in low seeding rate. First, steady and uniform seeding condition with different working parameters of the uniform-seeds device was determined, including displacement-storage capacity ratio of air supply,A, setting angle,β, and trapezoidal half difference,C, of the sieving board. Then orthogonal tests were conducted to further investigate the effects of these parameters on the sowing performance, in which the seeding rates were 45 g per tray for supper hybrid rice, 65 g per tray for hybrid rice, and 85 g per tray for inbred rice, respectively. Results show that the best operational parameter combinations were: A was 0.036/40.0 C was 5 mm andβ was -4°, 0° and +4° when seeding rates were 45 g per tray, 65 per tray and 85 per tray, respectively. Sowing performance tests based on the best parameter combinations were carried out. The sowing qualified rates were 88.33%, 90.83%, 93.06%, and the cavity rates were 1.76%, 0.56%, 0% for three seeding rates respectively. The sowing performance meets the requirements of precision seeding of super hybrid rice and hybrid rice in low seeding rates.

Keyword: agricultural engineering; rice nursing seedlings; rice precision seeder; vibration uniform-seeds device; orthogonal test

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0 引言

水稻育秧播种质量直接决定了插秧机的插秧质量。由于播种不均匀,在杂交稻播种育秧时,通常采用增大播种量来提高秧块盘结力和减小插秧机漏插率^{[ 1, 2, 3]},由于杂交稻依靠强分蘖能力获得高产,播种量的提高会导致秧苗素质下降^{[ 1, 4, 5, 6]},使移栽缓苗期延长,同时每穴秧苗过多,影响分蘖能力,导致产量降低。目前,杂交稻在中国的种植面积约为2000万公顷^{[ 7]},因此亟需研究适用于杂交稻低播种量均匀播种的精密播种装置。精密播种设备主要有机械式^{[ 8]}、振动式^{[ 9, 10]}和气力式^{[ 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16]}3种,其中机械式播种装置主要采用撒播,在低播种量时播种均匀性较差^{[ 8]};气力式播种装置能实现精确少量播种,但吸孔易堵塞^{[ 15, 16]},目前还处在研究阶段,没有应用;电磁振动式播种的装置需要调节的参数较多,性能稳定性还有待提高^{[ 17, 18]}。

为了提高杂交稻在低播种量时播种均匀性,本文研制了一种水稻秧盘育秧精密播种器,它采用对行对穴精密条播方法,实现了低播种量下的精密播种。该播种器主要由定量供种和气动振动匀种装置两部分构成。本文对振动匀种装置进行理论分析和试验,探明不同参数对不同播种量时播种性能的影响,并试图找到适合不同播种量的最佳参数组合。

1 气动振动匀种装置工作原理

水稻秧盘育秧精密播种机的播种器主要由定量供种装置和振动匀种装置两部分构成,振动匀种装置主要由气动振动器和V-T型振盘(下部为V型槽板、上部为T型筛分板(以下简称筛分板)等组成,如图1所示。工作时,由电机带动螺旋勺轮定量供种,种子在自身重力作用下落入到V-T振盘上部的T型筛分板上,在振动作用下种子在筛分板上均匀分布,并逐渐进入到V-T气动振动匀种盘下部的V型槽板内,V型槽板内的种子在振动作用下有序排队,最后落入下面匀速行走的秧盘中,且通过更换不同的V型槽板,可实现不同行数的对行对穴精密播种。

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	图1 水稻秧盘育秧精密播种器简图Fig.1 Precision seeder for tray nursing seedlings of rice

2 振动理论分析及参数选择

2.1 种子振动理论分析

振动匀种装置采用气动振动器作为振源,与电磁振动器相比,具有结构简单、振幅和频率调节方便等优点^{[ 19]}。可把气动振动器和V-T振盘看成一个整体,在振动作用下作简谐直线运动,而T型筛分板上种子的运动形式和方向则根据装置振动参数的不同发生改变,因此若要使振动匀种装置能进行稳定均匀排种,其T型筛分板的安装角(筛分板与水平面之间的夹角)、振动频率和振幅以及振动器的振动方向角(筛分板与振动器振方向之间的夹角)等工作参数均需要满足一定的条件。

为了进行分析,建立坐标系 xoy如图2所示,其中 x轴正向指向种子运动方向, y轴向上,V-T型振盘的筛分板安装角 β有2种安装方式, 图2(a)为筛分板下倾安装,安装角 β为正角度; 图2(b)为筛分板后仰安装,安装角 β为负角度。

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	图2 种子在筛分板上下倾和后仰时的受力图Fig.2 Force diagram of seeds on the screen plate

无振动不工作时,筛分板上的种子需满足不自然下滑的条件,即种子与筛分板之间的静摩擦角 σ₀大于筛分板的安装角 β,种子不运动。

振动工作时,根据物料在振动输送板上的运动分析^{[ 17, 18, 19]},可知在筛分板下倾安装时(见图2(a)),种子能向下运动的条件为:

$\begin{matrix} \frac{H ω^{2}}{g} > \frac{\sin (σ - β)}{\cos (σ - α_{1})} (1) \end{matrix}$

式中: H为振幅,m; ω为振动角频率,rad/s; σ为种子与筛分板之间的动摩擦角,(°); α₁为筛分板下倾安装时振动器振动方向角,(°); g为重力加速度,9.8 m/s²。

当筛分板后仰安装时,则在振动作用下种子爬坡前进的条件为:

$\begin{matrix} \frac{H ω^{2}}{g} > \frac{\sin (σ + β)}{\cos (σ - α_{2})} (2) \end{matrix}$

式中: α₂为筛分板后仰安装时振动器振动方向角,(°), α₂ =α₁ -2 β。

筛分板下倾安装时,在振动作用下保证种子能够稳定均匀流动,避免在筛分板上跳动的条件为(若筛分板后仰安装,则式(3)中 α₁替换为 α₂):

$\begin{matrix} \frac{H ω^{2}}{g} < \frac{cosβ}{\sin α_{1}} (3) \end{matrix}$

振动器振动方向角直接决定排种的速度和均匀度,为了确保种子在筛分板上稳定均匀滑行,需选择合适的振动方向角。由文献[17]和[19]可知,振动方向角 α₁和 α₂的计算公式为:

$\begin{matrix} α = \arctan \frac{1 - \frac{D_{q} \sin (σ_{0} + β)}{D_{k} \cos (σ_{0} - β)}}{[1 + \frac{D_{q} \sin (σ_{0} + β)}{D_{k} \cos (σ_{0} - β)}] \tan σ_{0}} (4) \end{matrix}$

式中: D_k为正向滑行指数,一般选取2~3; D_q为反向滑行指数,通常选择1;根据种子静摩擦角和筛分板安装角的不同,振动方向角 α的取值范围为20~50°,结合试验研究选取 α₁ =35 °^[17 ^-^18],则相应的 α₂ =27 °。

2.2 播种参数的选择

试验采用由瑞士Findeva公司生产的FP-18-M型气动振动器作为振源。通过调节振动器气压调节阀,测得当进气压强为0.22~0.26 MPa时,种子可在筛分板上稳定运动,故可初步作为振动器的工作压力范围。此时,采用AWA6290A型8通道振动分析仪(杭州爱华仪器有限公司)进行振动分析,得到筛分板中间位置的振动频率 f为63.8~68.36 Hz,振动幅度 H为86.5~135.6 μm。设定筛分板的安装角 β为-4°~+4°;气动振动器振动方向角下倾时 α₁=35°(后仰时 α₂=27°);试验的稻种为超级杂交稻五优308号、杂交稻粤两优805号和常规稻华航31号,试验测得其静摩擦角 σ₀为41.1°~42.4°,动摩擦角 σ为40.2°~41.3°。

按上述条件,经式(1)(2)(3)计算,种子在V-T振盘上均能稳定前进,且无跳跃,故此组参数可满足播种要求。

3 试验及结果分析

试验在华南农业大学工程实验室进行,将研制的播种器(定量供种装置和振动匀种装置)安装到水稻秧盘育秧精密播种流水线上,如图3所示,工作时种子经振动匀种装置稳定均匀排出后落入下方匀速行走的秧盘中,完成精密播种。

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	图3 水稻秧盘育秧精密播种流水线Fig.3 Pipeline of precision sowing for tray nursing seedlings of rice

试验时播种生产率为500 盘/h(这是目前水稻秧盘育秧精密播种流水线的最高生产率,生产率越低,性能越好),气动振动器进气压强固定为0.22 MPa;振动方向角 α₁为35 °( α₂ =27 °);试验的稻种分别为超级杂交稻五优308号、杂交稻粤两优805号和常规稻华航31号,种子经过浸种催芽处理,芽长为1~3 mm,播种前晾至表面无明显水分,千粒重为31.4~33.2 g,含水率为29.8%~30.9%;使用的振盘为18行的V-T振盘,对应的秧盘为36行×18列钵体毯状秧盘(见图4(a))和播种后秧盘(见图4(b))。

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	图4 播种前后秧盘图Fig.4 Seedling trays before and after sowing

3.1 试验因素分析

水稻秧盘育秧精密播种器的定量供种装置确定后,其振动匀种装置直接决定播种的均匀性,如何确定不同参数下装置的播种性能,尤其是不同播种量时采用何种V-T振盘参数来提高播种性能,是实现低播种量均匀播种的关键。为此本文选择了气动振动器的气源排储比、筛分板安装角和梯形半差值作为影响因素,采用正交试验确定了在3种不同水稻播种量下的最佳参数组合,并分析了最佳参数组合下的播种性能。

3.1.1 气源参数

采用空压机作为气动振动器的气源,当储气罐的气压低于0.4 MPa时,空压机自动启动,且在其启动瞬间及启动过程中,气动振动器会发生变化,播种性能也会随之改变,即空压机频繁启动,会导致播种性能不稳定。提高空压机的功率和储气罐容量,可以确保播种均匀性和合格率,但大功率和大容量的空压机价格较高、重量较大,且空压机启动功率通常为额定功率的3倍左右,在室外工作时,需要更大功率的发电机,极大地增加了成本,更不利于实际生产中的使用。因此,需要选择功率和储气罐容量合适的空压机,在确保播种性能的同时减少生产成本。选择市场上常见的3种空压机(排气压力均为0.8 MPa),选择排储比 A作为气源参数,排储比 A=排气量/储气容量,具体参数如表1所示。

表1 空压机参数 Table 1 Parameters of three air compressors

3.1.2 筛分板安装角

由于水稻种子为椭圆体,当筛分板下倾安装时,种子在振动力和重力的共同作用下,主要以滚动和滑动向下运动为主,流速较快,种子在筛分板上运动不够稳定;在低播种量时筛分板上易出现空隙,从而导致种子进入V型槽板时发生断流,进而在育秧时发生漏播。为此,提出筛分板采用后仰安装,如图2(b)所示,此时种子在振动力作用下克服重力和摩擦力向上爬行前进,且在爬行前进过程中种子会进行排队,即一个挨着一个运动,这能有效地减少在低播种量播种时筛分板上出现的空隙,进而提高播种均匀性并减少漏播。所以为了更有效地分析筛分板安装角下倾和后仰时的播种效果,选定筛分板的安装角 β为3个水平,即-4°(后仰)、0°、+4°(下倾),以期获得最佳参数,提高播种均匀性。

3.1.3 筛分板梯形半差

筛分板最初为矩形,即 D=d(见图5)。试验发现采用矩形的筛分板进行播种时,左、右两侧V型槽板的播种量总是少于中间V型槽板的播种量。通过振动分析发现,在进气压强为0.26 MPa时,筛分板中间的振动位移要比两侧大,故中间种子的流动更快;还有筛分板的两侧壁与种子之间有摩擦力,也影响了两侧种子的流动速度,如图6所示。图6(a)为中部振动位移测试图, 图6(b)为筛分板右、左两侧边振动位移测试图。进一步的试验发现,当筛分板的安装角 β=+4°时,种子从进入筛分板到流进V型槽板,两侧的平均时间为19.8 s,而中间的仅为16.1 s。为了增加筛分板左、右两侧的种子量,保证筛分板上的种子流量一致,提高播种的均匀性,研制了梯形(T)筛分板,即 D>d。并选定筛分板的梯形半差值 C作为筛分板的形状参数,作为播种均匀性的影响因素,梯形半差值 C=( D-d) /2,选定的梯形半差值 C为3个水平,分别为0、5和10 mm。

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	图5 V-T振盘图Fig.5 Graph of V-T vibration-plate

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	图6 筛分板上不同位置的振动位移测试图Fig.6 Vibratory displacement testing curve of the different position of the sieving board

3.2 试验安排

根据确定的影响因素,采用三因素3个水平的试验安排,如表2所示。

表2 试验因素及水平 Table 2 Factors and levels of experiment

因为水稻品种较多,它们的育秧播种技术以及播种量和均匀性要求均不同,根据超级杂交稻、杂交稻及常规稻播种的要求,设定播种量为45、65和85 g/盘时的播种合格区间分别为1~4粒/穴、4±2粒/穴、6±2粒/穴,大于每穴最大粒数为重播,无种子时为空穴,具体如表3所示。

表3 不同水稻品种播种量要求 Table 3 Sowing requirements for different rice seed

根据表3,以播种空穴率 Y₁和播种合格率 Y₂作为指标,则有:

$\begin{matrix} \begin{matrix} Y_{1} = \frac{N_{0}}{N_{z}} \times 100 % (5) \\ Y_{2} = \frac{N_{1}}{N_{z}} \times 100 % (6) \end{matrix} \end{matrix}$

式中: N₀为秧盘中空穴或格的数量; N₁为满足播种合格区间(见表3)的穴或格的数量; N_z为试验秧盘的穴或格总数量。

为了探究秧盘两侧与中间播种量的差异,在每个秧盘(36行×18列)中间同样位置横向选取两行(2行×18列)作为样本,每次试验重复10次,10盘样本数共360穴(每穴面积为15.6 mm×16.1 mm)。根据3种水稻种子的播种量要求,每个正交试验进行9次,共计27次试验,每个试验重复10次。以播种空穴率 Y₁和播种合格率 Y₂作为性能指标,考查各参数对不同播种量播种性能的影响。

3.3 试验结果及分析

正交试验方案及结果如表4所示。

表4 正交试验设计及结果 Table 4 Results of orthogonal experiment

对试验结果进行直观极差分析,结果如表5所示。

从表5可以看出:播种量为45 g/盘时播种空穴率和合格率最佳组合方案分别为 A₂ β₂ C₂或 A₂ β₁ C₃,即气源的排储比 A=0 .036 /40、筛分板的安装角 β=0 °、筛分板的梯形半差值 C=5 mm和气源的排储比 A=0.036/40、筛分板的安装角 β=-4°、筛分板的梯形半差值 C=10 mm。播种量65 g/盘时播种空穴率和合格率最佳组合方案均为 A₂ β₂ C₂,即气源的排储比 A=0.036/40、筛分板的安装角 β=0°、筛分板的梯形半差值 C=5 mm。播种量85 g/盘时播种空穴率和合格率最佳组合参数均为 A₂ β₃ C₂,即气源的排储比 A=0.036/40、筛分板的安装角 β=+4°、筛分板的梯形半差值 C=5 mm。

表5 试验结果分析 Table 5 Analysis of experimental results

3.3.1 气源参数对播种性能的影响

从表5可以得出,气源的排储比对播种空穴率的影响较大,尤其是低播种量时,而对合格率的影响相对较小,且以45 g/盘、65 g/盘和85 g/盘3种播种量进行播种时,气源的排储比对播种空穴率和合格率影响的最优水平均为 A₂,即气源的排储比为0.036/40。综合考虑购买成本、运输方便性、田间作业环境以及启动频繁带来等因素,选择额定功率为0.75 kW、体积相对较小的气源的排储比 A=0.036/40型空压机作为振动气源。

3.3.2 筛分板的安装角对播种性能的影响

筛分板的安装角 β对不同播种量的播种合格率和空穴率有重要的影响。

在播种量45 g/盘时,由于供种量少,筛分板上的种量相应较少,种子分布不均匀,导致空穴、重播和漏播较多。此时,通过调节使筛分板安装角后仰( β=-4°),种子就会在振动和摩擦力作用下向上有序排队爬坡前进,并一个挨着一个直到挤满整个筛分板才开始进入下面的V型槽中进行播种,能有效地减少空穴率,提高播种合格率。随着播种量的增大,达到65 g/盘,在振动作用下种子只需要水平前进就能满足有序排队的播种要求( β=0°)。随着播种量的进一步增大,筛分板后仰反而阻碍种子流动,不利于下种,进而影响播种性能。因此当播种量为85 g/盘时,筛分板下倾( β=+4°)有利于减少空穴,提高播种合格率。故在播种量为65 g/盘和85 g/盘时,筛分板的安装角 β分别选择0°和+4°最为合适;而播种量为45 g/盘时,安装角 β=-4°时较适合,虽然安装角 β=0°时空穴率较小,但影响较小,而 β=-4°时播种合格率明显提高。

所以,为保证不同播种量时均具有良好的播种性能,V-T振盘筛分板的安装角应随机调节,以适应不同播种量的要求。

3.3.3 筛分板的梯形半差对播种性能的影响

筛分板的梯形半差值对播种合格率和空穴率有重要影响, C取值过小,导致两侧种量不足,易出现漏播和空穴;反之,取值过大,易导致两侧种量过多,而产生重播。根据表5,除播种量为45 g/盘时梯形半差对播种合格率影响的最优参数为 C₃( C=10 mm),其他播种量下筛分板的梯形半差值最优参数均为 C₂,即 C=5 mm。

由于低播种量播种时,秧盘每穴种子数较少,空穴多,将使秧苗成毯性变差,不利于插秧。虽然当播种量为45 g/盘时梯形半差对播种合格率影响的最优参数为 C₃( C=10 mm),但是考虑到对空穴率影响的最佳参数为 C₂,以及V-T振盘对不同播种量的适用性,为减小空穴、提高成毯性,选择筛分板的梯形半差值 C=5 mm较为合适。

3.3.4 最佳参数播种试验

根据对试验结果的分析,在3种播种量下因素的最佳参数组合为:气源的排储比 A=0.036/40,筛分板的梯形半差值 C=5 mm,以及播种量分别在45、65和85 g/盘时筛分板的安装角分别是 β=-4 °、 β=0和 β=+4 °。完成了最佳参数的组合试验,得到了3种播种量下精密播种装置的播种合格率分别为88.33%、90.83%和93.06%,而空穴率分别为1.67%、0.56%和0%,播种性能能够满足超级杂交稻和杂交稻在低播种量精密播种育秧的技术要求。

4 结论

(1)对种子在气动振动匀种装置的V-T振盘筛分板上的振动理论进行了分析,得到了在振动作用下种子能稳定均匀前进播种的条件;通过分析和试验,确定了在振动器进气压强为0.22 MPa、筛分板的安装角为-4°~+4°、振动器振动方向角下倾时为35°(后仰时为27°)时,种子能进行稳定均匀播种的基本参数,为气动振动匀种装置的研究奠定了理论基础。

(2)对水稻秧盘育秧精密播种生产线的气动振动匀种装置进行了不同播种量的正交试验研究,通过试验结果分析,得出了3种播种量播种合格率和空穴率影响因素的主次顺序,以及在3种播种量下因素的最佳参数组合,即气源的排储比 A=0.036/40,筛分板的梯形半差值 C=5 mm以及播种量分别在45、65和85 g/盘时筛分板的安装角分别为 β=-4 °、 β=0和 β=+4 °。

(3)通过试验研究,使气动振动匀种装置的播种性能得到了有效的提高。在最佳参数组合条件下,在播种生产率为500 盘/h、播种量分别为45、65和85 g/盘时,播种合格率分别为88.33%、90.83%和93.06%;空穴率分别为1.67%、0.56%和0,播种性能满足超级杂交稻和杂交稻低播种量精密播种育秧的技术要求。

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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2009

0.0

1.299

. 2009, 25(1):99-103

Effects of broadcast sowing and precision drilling of super rice seed on seedling quality andeffectiveness of mechanized transplanting

According to the agronomic requirements for transplanting technology for the super hybrid rice, reducing seeding rate and cultivating strong seedlings and realizing fewer seedling and bigger space planting are the key to increase yield potential in mechanized transplanting of hybrid rice. In this paper, rice seedling quality and effectiveness of mechanized transplanting of precision seed drilling and sowing were studied with super hybrid rice Liangyoupeijiu. The results showed that precision seed drilling had more uniform seed distribution, better seedling mat-formed effect and seedling quality in comparison with seed broadcasting. Precision seed drilling could reduce the rate of no-seedling in hill and the rate of injured-seedling, and improve the uniformity of seedling. The percent of one and two seedling in hill after mechanized transplanting was increased. Research shows that precision seed drilling can effectively reduce the rate of no seedling in hill and improve seedling quality and mechanized transplanting quality.

根据杂交稻的种植技术要求，降低播种量，培育壮秧，实现少本稀植，是发挥杂交稻机插秧增产潜力的关键。该文以超级杂交稻两优培九为材料，比较精量条播和撒播育秧的机插秧秧苗素质及机插效果。结果表明：与撒播相比，条播种子分布比较均匀，秧苗成毯效果好，且秧苗素质好。条播育秧能降低机插的漏秧率和伤秧率，并提高插秧的整齐度，每丛1～2株的比例提高。研究表明在稀播种量条件下，通过条播和调整秧爪取秧规格可有效降低漏秧率，提高机插效果。

... 由于播种不均匀,在杂交稻播种育秧时,通常采用增大播种量来提高秧块盘结力和减小插秧机漏插率^[1,2,3],由于杂交稻依靠强分蘖能力获得高产,播种量的提高会导致秧苗素质下降^[1,4,5,6],使移栽缓苗期延长,同时每穴秧苗过多,影响分蘖能力,导致产量降低 ...

2009

0.0

1.299

. 2009, 25(7):98-102

Coupling relationships of nursing seedling densities and finger sticking area by mechanized hybrid rice transplanter

In order to obtain the good quality of planted hybrid rice, nursing seedling density and finger sticking area were selected as two factors, and the tests of two factors with three levels were designed with hybrid rice 1596 as tested rice seed. The results showed that main indexes of qualities of nursing seedling, young seedling and field planted rice had significant correlations at level 0.05. T-test results of paired samples at level 0.05 showed that blank space ratios(or missing plant ratios) had significant differences for young seedling to nursing seedling, and for field planted rice to nursing seedling. Eligibility ratio of equality degree (ERED) for young seedling had significant differences to that of nursing seedling, and ERED for field planted rice had no significant differences to that of young seedling. The optimum test set nursing seedling density as 73 g per nursing tray and finger sticking area as 2.38 cm2, in this situation, blank space ratios (or missing plant ratios) and ERED of qualities of nursing seedling, young seedling and field planted rice were 1.1% and 92.5%, 2.6% and 90.2%, 5.1% and 88%, respectively, and target field rice plant was 541 665 per hectare.

为了确保杂交稻机插秧质量，选取育秧播种密度和取秧面积为2个主要因素，进行了二因素三水平全面试验设计，试验品种为杂交稻1596。试验结果表明，育秧盘播种质量、育秧盘成苗质量和大田栽插质量的主要指标之间大都呈现出显著的相关性；0.05水平下对样本t检验结果表明，空格率（漏插率）之间有显著差异，成苗均匀度合格率和育秧盘播种均匀度合格率有显著差异，大田栽插均匀度合格率和育秧盘中成苗均匀度合格率没有显著差异；每盘播种量为73 g、取秧面积为2.38 cm2的耦合为最佳试验方案，此时育秧盘播种质量、育秧盘成苗质量和大田栽插质量的主要指标空格率（漏插率）和均匀度合格率分别为1.1%和92.5%、2.6%和90.2%、5.1%和88%，能达到的基本苗为每公顷541 665株。

2009

0.0

1.299

. 2009, 25(6):152-157

Effects of seedling raising methods and sowing rates on machine-transplanted long-age rice seedling

为探讨适宜机插的大苗培育新技术,该文以川香9838为材料,采用田间试验方法,研究了4种育秧方式及3个播种量水平对机插大苗素质和栽插质量的影响.结果表明,秧苗成苗率随播种量增加而下降;不同育秧方式的秧苗素质有极显著差异;不同播种量间,除百株干质量为显著性差异外,株高、茎粗、根数、根长、根活力、丙二醛及质量高比均为极显著差异;无纺布旱育秧的秧块盘结力较小,为6.48 kg/m2,双膜旱育秧的秧块盘结力较大,为18.70 kg/m2.依据GB/T 6243-86评价栽插质量,报纸旱育秧较好,其次为无底旱育秧.播种量为277.78 g/m2时,伤秧率、勾秧率和漏插率较低;播种量为416.67 g/m2时,漂秧率、全漂率和翻倒率较低.因此,水稻机插长龄秧苗应选择报纸旱育秧或无底旱育秧,且播种量在277.78～416.67 g/m2之间.

2006

0.0

1.299

. 2006, 22(3):73-78

Factors affecting rice seedling quality of mechanical transplanting rice

In order to determine the factors affacting seedling quality of mechanical transplanting rice, Zhendao6217 was used to investigate the effects of different sowing densities, irrigation management and strong dry rice promoter on rice seedling quality. The results showed that as the sowing density was lower, seedling quality was superior, but the circuvoluting roots were too worse to curl up for mechanical transplanting. When the sowing density was higher, rice seedling quality became bad, which made it difficult for rice seedling to regreen and revive. The suitable sowing density was around 739～924 g/m². Dry rice seedling was more beneficial to grow vigorous rice seedlings, and had more advantages to prolong the seedling age. The application of moderate amount less than 1% of strong dry rice promoter could take the same effect as fertilizing.

为明确影响机插育秧秧苗素质的因素，该文以镇稻6217为材料，研究了机插稻育秧中的播种量、秧田水分管理及施用旱秧壮秧剂对秧苗素质的影响。结果表明：播种量较低时，秧苗个体性状优势明显，但盘根性差，不利于起秧机插；播量过高时，秧苗素质弱，不利于机插后的返青活棵。水分运筹中，旱育较水育更有利于健壮秧的形成，同时有助于延长秧龄、增加秧龄弹性。施用旱秧壮秧剂在短期内可起到培肥的效果，但用量不宜超过1%。

0.0

0.9745

2012

0.0

1.299

. 2012, 28(21):10-16

Detection and control system of seed-layers thickness for vibration-flow precision seeder

In order to improve sowing qualified rate and stability of vibration-flow precision seeder, and reduce the effect of sowing qualified rate with the difference of seeds fluidity, a detection and control system of seed-layers thickness based on ultrasonic sensor was designed. With the system, seed-flow in the process of sowing was whole detected and automatic controlled. The results showed that the system could effectively detect the change of seed-layers thickness on the screening plate, and adjust the vibration amplitude and frequence of seeds-supply device based on different seeds fluidity to make sure that seed-layers thickness was kept in the setting range, and adjusting time was about 4.32 s after correction; When the difference of seeds fluidity was too large, alarm system was started; After the system was installed, sowing qualified rate of hybrid rice (2-5 grain per point) was improved from 80.1% to 87.3%. The research laid a foundation for further study of hybrid rice precision seeding apparatus.

为提高振流式精密播种装置的播种合格率和播种稳定性，减少种子流动性的不同对播种合格率的影响，研制了基于超声波传感器的种层厚度检测和控制系统，对播种过程中的播种量实现全程监控和自动控制。试验表明：自动控制系统能有效检测出匀种装置筛分板上种层厚度的变化，并根据播种时种子流动性的不同，调整供种装置的振动幅度和频率，使种层厚度保持在设定的范围之内，调整时间约为4.32 s；且当种子流动差异性过大时能有效报警；采用检测和控制系统后振流式精密播种装置杂交稻2～5粒/穴或取秧面积的播种合格率由80.1%提升到87.3%。该研究为杂交稻精密育秧播种装置的研究奠定了基础。

0.0

0.3038

... 目前,杂交稻在中国的种植面积约为2000万公顷^[7],因此亟需研究适用于杂交稻低播种量均匀播种的精密播种装置 ...

2008

0.0

1.299

. 2008, 24(4):301-306

Research advances and prospects in the seeding technology and equipment for tray nursing seedlings of rice

该文在收集、整理并研究国内外关于水稻秧盘育秧播种技术与装备的基础上,按照播种流水线的结构特点和工作原理进行分析归纳,系统地总结了每一类机型的研究现状,详细分析了播种、排土和秧盘同步传动等技术难点,以及主要部件采用的工作原理、技术参数和所能达到的性能指标,通过对现有机型特点的分析比较,给出了各类机型的适用范围.最后,根据水稻插、抛秧种植的农艺要求,尤其是中国超级杂交稻种植技术的要求,提出适合于超级杂交稻精密播种的新型育秧系统,上述研究为适用于中国传统水稻育秧,以及发展中的超级杂交稻低成本高速精准秧盘育秧播种技术研究提供参考.

... 精密播种设备主要有机械式^[8]、振动式^[9,10]和气力式^{[11,12,13,14,15,16]}3种,其中机械式播种装置主要采用撒播,在低播种量时播种均匀性较差^[8] ...

2000

0.0

. 2000, 31(5):32-34

Study and test of electromagnetic vibrating type rice seeder for hill seedling nursery box

针对水稻育秧穴盘播种过程中精确调整水稻种子播种量的需求,设计了由调速电动机控制的外槽轮定量供种装置及电磁振动排种装置来控制播种量及播种精度.试验结果表明,该播种机达到了水稻穴盘精量播种的农艺要求.

0.0

1996

0.0

. 1996, 64(1):null-null

Experimental and theoretical performance of a vacuum seeder nozzle for vegetable seeds

2009

1.766

0.0

. 2009, 65(1):null-null

Modeling and optimization of parameters of flow rate of paddy rice grains through the horizontal rotating cylindrical drum of drum seeder

1990

0.822

0.0

2002

0.0

. 2002, 33(1):47-50

Study on seeds movement law in sowing test stand with suction and vibration

研究了气吸振动式播种试验台内种子的运动机理,通过对试验台内种子运动过程的计算机动态模拟,得出了振动台内种子的运动规律,为振动台的参数选择提供了理论依据.

2000

0.0

. 2000, 16(5):52-55

Design and experimental study on air-suction two-layer cylinder rice seeder

The influence factors of the air suction cylinder rice seeder were analyzed on the suction and seed performance in this paper. A type of air suction two layer ones was designed and manufactured. Experiments showed that the newly designed two layer structural rice seeder efficiently solved the sucker jam problem of air suction seeder, and its suction and seeding performances were greatly improved. The optimal parameters of cylinder to meet the seed performance were made as follows: inner layer sucker's diameter is ?4.0 mm, outer ones ?1.2 mm and its thickness 0.02 mm.

分析了影响气吸式滚筒水稻播种器吸播种性能的因素,研制了气吸式双层滚筒水稻播种器。试验表明,气吸式双层结构播种器能有效地解决吸孔被堵塞的问题,为提高气吸式水稻播种器的吸播种性能提供了有益的参考。满足播种性能要求的滚筒最佳参数为:内层吸孔孔径为?4.0mm,外层孔径为?1.2mm,壁厚为0.02mm

2010

0.0

1.299

. 2010, 26(11):141-144

Seeding experiments of suction cylinder-seeder with socket-slot

为了实现超级稻工厂化育秧,保证作业质量,研制了窝眼窄缝式气吸滚筒排种试验装置.以超级稻"培杂泰丰"为研究对象,采用4因素3水平正交试验设计方法,研究了窝眼半径、窄缝宽度、真空度和滚筒转速对播种空穴率、重播率和合格率的影响规律.通过对试验结果的分析,得出了影响空穴率和合格率的主次顺序为窝眼半径＞真空度＞滚筒转速＞窄缝宽度;影响重播率的主次顺序为窝眼半径＞滚筒转速＞窄缝宽度＞真空度;最佳参数组合为窝眼半径5.5 mm、真空度4 kPa、滚筒转速为0.82 rad/s和窄缝宽度1 mm.经验证,在最佳参数下,播种空穴率、重播率和合格率分别为4.88%、9.78%和85.34%.尽管性能有待提高,但窄缝不发生堵塞,表明这是一种具有应用前景的精密播种装置.

2010

0.0

1.299

. 2010, 26(增刊1):56-60

Theoretical research and simulation analysis on operating parameters of pneumatic vibration precision seed-metering

Basing on experimental research the movement of the pneumatic precision seed-metering device vibrating plate and seeds in theory were analyzed , The correctness of operating parameters in a steady work state was confirmed by using simulation analysis, The pneumatic vibration disk system simplifying single degree of freedom damped forced vibration, to simulate vibration of experimental data was proposed. Simulation results show that the parameters such as system stiffness and damping vibration can be reacted the normal working state. It provides the corresponding operating parameters and theoretical basis for pneumatic vibration-type precise metering device design.

在试验研究基础上，对气动振动式精密排种器振盘及种子的运动理论进行分析，证实了排种器处于稳定工作状态下工作参数的正确性，提出了采用仿真分析方法，将气动振盘系统简化成单自由度有阻尼强迫振动，利用试验数据进行振动仿真。仿真结果表明，得到的系统振动刚度及阻尼等参数可基本反应振动系统的正常工作状态，为气动振动式精密排种器设计提供了相应的工作参数和参考。

2009

0.0

... ^[17^-^18],则相应的α ...

1996

0.0

1.299

. 1996, 12(1):81-86

Theoretical analysis and experiment on the kinematics of feeding device under electromagnetic vibration

The theoretical analysis on kinematics of the precision feeding device under electromagnetic vibration was conducted. The optimum parameters in designing the feeding device under electromagnetic vibration with their models were found. The experiments on this feeding device were tested in laboratory and on farm. The experimental results show that this feeding device is suited for sowing small and middle sized seeds with high accuracy and no seed damage.

通过对电磁振动排种器工作面上的种子进行运动分析,找出了电磁振动排种器的最佳参数设计依据,并对该排种器进行了试验,结果表明:该排种器适用于各种中、小粒种子,排种精度高,不损伤种子。

... 1 种子振动理论分析振动匀种装置采用气动振动器作为振源,与电磁振动器相比,具有结构简单、振幅和频率调节方便等优点^[19] ...