Journal of Jilin University(Medicine Edition) ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5): 1314-1322.doi: 10.13481/j.1671-587X.20210533
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Received:2020-12-31Online:2021-09-28Published:2021-10-26
CLC Number:
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Tab.1
Diseases affecting serum potassium"
| Classification | Hypokalemia | Hyperkalemia |
|---|---|---|
| Renal disease | Bartter’s syndrome | Acute renal failure |
| Liddle’s syndrome | Chronic renal failure | |
| Gitelman’s syndrome | Urinary tract calculi | |
| Type 1 or type 2 renal tubular acidosis | Type 4 renal tubular acidosis | |
| Metabolic diseases | Nephrogenic diabetes insipidous | |
| Metabolic alkalosis | Metabolic acidosis | |
| Endocrine diseases | Hyperaldosteronism | Addison’s disease |
| Type 2 diabetes | Type 1 diabetes | |
| Conn’s syndrome | Low serum renin | |
| Hypertension exacerbated by pregnancy | Familial hyperaldosteronism, type 1 | |
| Cushing’s syndrome | Gordon’s syndrome | |
| Ectopic ACTH syndrome | Congenital isolated hypoaldosteronism | |
| Others | Hypokalaemic periodic paralysis | Hyperkalaemic periodic paralysis |
| Trauma | Malignant hyperthermia |
Tab.1
Tab.2
Drugs affecting serum K+"
| Classification | Hypokalemia | Hyperkalemia |
|---|---|---|
| Intake of potassium | Diet pills | Potassium supplements |
| Excretion of potassium | Laxative abuse | K+ sparing diuretics：spironolactone |
| Drugs of bowel preparation | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | |
| Diuretics | Angiotensin-Ⅱ receptor blockers | |
| Penicillin and derivatives | Renin inhibitors | |
| Aminoglycosides | NSAIDs | |
| Amphotericin B | Heparin and derivatives | |
| Cisplatin | Aldosterone antagonists | |
| Foscarnet sodium | ||
| Liquorice | ||
| Transcellular shift | Non-depolarizing muscle relaxants | Depolarizing muscle relaxants |
| β2-adrenergic agonists | β-blockers | |
| Calcium channel blocker | α-adrenergic agonists | |
| Insulin | Digitalis | |
| Bicarbonate | Mannitol | |
| Theophylline | Cell destroying drugs | |
| Caffeine |
Tab.2
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