A total of 60 SD mice were randomly divided into control group， model group， luteolin （20 mg·kg^－1） group， pyrogallol（PG） （75 mg·kg^－1） group， luteolin （20 mg·kg^－1） + PG（75 mg·kg^－1） group， and there were 12 mice in each group.Besides control group， the mice in the other groups were instilled with lipopolysaccharide（LPS） solution through the trachea to establish the ARDS models， and the mice in control group were instilled with the same amount of normal saline through the trachea. The wet weights and dry weights of right lung tissue of the mice in various groups were weighed， and ratios of the wet weight/dry weight （W/D） of the mice in various were caculated； the arterial blood oxygen pressure （PaO₂） was measured； the pathomorphology of lung tissue of the mice in various groups was observed by HE staining； the inspiratory resistance （Ri）， minute ventilation （MV） and peak expiratory flow rate （PEF） of the mice in various groups were detected； the levels of ROS， glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px）， catalase （CAT） in lung tissue and levels of serum interleukin-18 （IL-18），interleukin-1β（IL-1β） and tumor necrosis factor α（TNF-α） of the mice in various groups were determined； the expression levels of TXNIP， caspase-1， caspase-4 and NLRP3 proteins in lung tissue of the mice in various groups were detected by Western blotting method.

Compared with control group， the alveolar walls of the mice in model group became thicker， the alveoli collapsed and deformed， the pulmonary interstitial edema was accompanied by a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration， and the lung tissue had the severe pathological damage； the W/D ratio， Ri， serum IL-18， IL-1β and TNF-α levels， the level of ROS and the expression levels of TXNIP， caspase-1， caspase-4， and NLRP3 proteins in lung tissue were increased （P<0.05），and the MV， PEF， PaO₂， levels of GSH-Px and CAT in lung tissue were decreased （P<0.05）. Compared with model group， the pathological damage of lung tissue of the mice in luteolin group was improved， the W/D ratio， Ri， serum IL-18， IL-1β and TNF-α levels， ROS level and the expression levels of TXNIP， caspase-1， caspase-4 and NLRP3 proteins in lung tissue were significantly decreased （P<0.05）， and the MV， PEF， PaO₂， and GSH-Px and CAT levels in lung tissue were increased （P<0.05）； the pathological damage of lung tissue of the mice in PG group was increased， the W/D ratio， Ri， serum levels of IL-18， IL-1β， and TNF-α，the ROS level and the expression levels of TXNIP， caspase-1， caspase-4，and NLRP3 proteins in lung tissue were increased （P<0.05），and the MV， PEF， PaO₂，GSH-Px， and CAT levels in lung tissue were decreased （P<0.05）.

Luteolin can reduce the lung inflammation and oxidative stress， improve the lung injury in the ARDS mice， and repair their lung functions by inhibiting the ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway activation.