汽车起重机的变幅抖动问题

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20240584

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对汽车起重机的变幅抖动问题，首先基于变幅液压系统原理和变幅机构动力学分析了变幅抖动现象的成因机理；然后，开展了正常主机与抖动主机的现场测试，运用时频分析方法揭示了不同变幅现象下测试信号的特征差异，制订了变幅抖动现象的量化评价指标；最后，将变幅抖动量化评价指标推广至油缸出厂检测试验台，建立了变幅抖动的出厂试验方法。研究结果表明：变幅油缸内部摩擦力过大是起重机变幅抖动的主要原因；正常主机与抖动主机的振动加速度信号具有明显的特征差异，可以作为变幅抖动现象的量化评价指标；改进后的油缸出厂检测试验台测试结果与主机测试结果具有良好一致性，能够实现变幅抖动现象的前置检测。

关键词: 汽车起重机, 变幅抖动, 时频分析, 量化表征, 出厂检测

Abstract:

In response to the problem of luffing vibration in automotive crane， firstly， this article analyzes the causes and mechanisms of luffing vibration based on the principle of luffing vibration hydraulic system and the dynamics of luffing mechanism. Then， on-site tests were conducted on normal and shaking hosts， and time-frequency analysis methods were used to reveal the differences in test signal characteristics under different amplitude changes. Quantitative evaluation indicators for amplitude change shaking phenomena were developed. Finally， the quantitative evaluation index of luffing vibration was extended to the oil cylinder factory inspection test bench， and the factory test method for luffing vibration was established. The research results indicate that excessive internal friction force in the luffing oil cylinder is the main cause of crane luffing vibration； the vibration acceleration signals of normal and shaking hosts have obvious characteristic differences， which can be used as the quantitative evaluation index for luffing vibration phenomenon； the improved oil cylinder factory inspection test bench has good consistency between the test results and the host test results， and can achieve pre detection of luffing vibration phenomenon.

Key words: truck crane, luffing vibration, time-frequency analysis, quantitative characterization, factory inspection

中图分类号:

TG213

陈晋市,王彤阳,商茹恒,李永奇,霍东阳,陈希. 汽车起重机的变幅抖动问题[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2026, 56(1): 44-53.

Jin-shi CHEN,Tong-yang WANG,Ru-heng SHANG,Yong-qi LI,Dong-yang HUO,Xi CHEN. Problem of luffing vibration in truck crane[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2026, 56(1): 44-53.

图/表 18

图1

图2

图3

图4

表1

时域特征值"

时域特征	计算公式
平均值	$s ˉ = 1 N ∑ i = 1 N s i$
标准差	$ρ t = 1 N ∑ i = 1 N (s i - s ˉ) 2 12$
峭度	$1 N ∑ i = 1 N (s i - s ˉ) 4 ρ t 4$
最大值	$s m a x$
最小值	$s m i n$
峰峰值	$s m a x - s m i n$
均方根	$R M S = (1 N ∑ i = 1 N s i 2) 12$
峰值因子	$s m a x / R M S$
波形因子	$R M S / 1 N ∑ i = 1 N s i$
脉冲因子	$s m a x / 1 N ∑ i = 1 N s i$

表1

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

表2

图12

图13

图14

表3

图15

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项目		最大值	最小值	RMS	峭度	波形因子	峰形因子	脉冲因子
正常	轴向/g	0.058	-0.066	0.012	3.445	1.280	5.334	6.829
正常	径向/g	0.132	-0.127	0.026	3.444	1.291	5.128	6.620
抖动	轴向/g	0.459	-0.324	0.056	7.522	1.570	8.270	12.984
抖动	径向/g	0.332	-0.303	0.043	5.203	1.380	7.667	10.582

项目		最大值	最小值	RMS	峭度	波形因子	峰形因子	脉冲因子
正常	轴向/g	0.058	-0.066	0.013	3.176	1.162	3.172	3.528
正常	径向/g	0.051	-0.050	0.008	3.830	1.194	3.057	3.840
抖动	轴向/g	0.422	-0.553	0.148	4.923	1.512	5.751	5.671
抖动	径向/g	0.156	-0.148	0. 201	5.009	1.353	7.419	10.040