关键词: 避震疏散, 大学校园, LA模型, 疏散空间需求, 疏散路径, 地震易发区

Abstract: here is a serious threat of earthquake disaster in earthquakeprone areas. Campus is an important place for talent training and population gathering. In earthquakeprone areas, earthquake prevention and disaster reduction are particularly urgent and necessary through earthquake evacuation planning and design. In order to improve the efficiency of earthquake evacuation and reduce the evacuation injury, we analyzed the evacuation demand based on the spatial layout and population aggregation on the campus, and studied the optimization from the two aspects of evacuation space demand and evacuation route by using GIS spatial analysis technology by taking Ningxia University as the research area. The open space such as square, grass, and playground can be determined as earthquake emergency shelters. Under the constraints of shelter’s capacity, the optimized LA (location allocation) model can be used to allocate the campus evacuees to the shelters. According to the spatial distribution of earthquake shelters, the seismic routes were established by avoiding dangerous areas and people moving disorderly. The imbalance of the spatial distribution of shelters will lead to evacuation failure. We suggest that the emergency signs should be more visible in the campus to improve the identification of evacuation passages, and the open space near the shelter demand points (such as dormitory buildings) should be increased such as grasslands or squares with their landscape functions, so that people can quickly move to the shelter in an event of disaster. 

Key words: earthquake evacuation, university campus, location allocation model, evacuation space requirement, evacuation route, earthquake-prone zones