Abstract: As an essential part of seismic data acquisition, a seismic source directly affects the seismic exploration effect. In seismic exploration, the ground surface is complex in many areas. Therefore, it is necessary to study the directional theory of phased-array vibrator systems under complex surface conditions. In this paper, based on the excitation principle of a phased-array vibrator system on a complex surface, the finite-difference numerical simulation method, and the theory of wave equation seismic illumination analysis, we carry out the forward modeling and seismic illumination analysis of the seismic wave field of the phased-array vibrator system for the simple theoretical model and the Marmousi model of the undulating surface. The model test results show that the phased-array vibrator system can excite the seismic wave directionally under complex surface conditions, and changing the seismic source's excitation delay can adjust the wave field's propagation direction to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the target data. The method applies to the simple model of horizontal layers, the model of the wedge-shaped structure, and the complex Marmousi model. 

Key words: phased-array vibrator system, complex surface, numerical simulation, seismic illumination