寒区路基水⁃热耦合理论模型及变形规律

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20250212

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究寒区路基在水?热耦合作用下的变形机理，以鹤哈高速（G1111）苔青至伊春段（62.44 km）为对象，构建了二维水热迁移耦合模型，结合现场监测与数值模拟方法，揭示了冻融循环过程中路基温度场、水分场与变形场的相互作用规律。基于相变传热与非等温水分迁移理论，采用Abaqus软件进行仿真分析，在路基横断面上自左侧路肩至右侧路肩按1.25 m间距均匀布设9个综合监测点，量化路基表层冻胀与融沉阶段的变形特征。结果表明：冻结期模拟路段路基表层最大冻胀位移可达8.48 mm，横截面变形呈抛物线分布；春季融沉速率（0.12 mm/d）显著高于冻胀期（0.07 mm/d），且11月至次年1月的冻胀速率较1~2月高18.7%；竖向位移极值与地温梯度呈负相关。研究成果为寒区道路抗冻设计与病害防控提供了理论依据。

关键词: 水?热耦合, 变形规律, 数值模拟, 冻土路基, 有限元

Abstract:

To investigate the deformation mechanisms of subgrade in cold regions under hydro-thermal coupling effects， this study focuses on the TQ-Yichun section （62.44 km） of the G1111 He-ha Expressway. A two-dimensional coupled hydro-thermal migration model was developed to analyze the interactions among temperature fields， moisture fields， and deformation fields during freeze-thaw cycles. Based on the theory of phase change heat transfer and non-isothermal moisture migration， Abaqus software was used for simulation and analysis， and nine integrated monitoring points were deployed along the roadway cross-section at a spacing of 1.25 m to quantify the deformation characteristics of the surface layer of the roadway in the freezing and thawing stages. Key findings include： The maximum frost heave displacement at the subgrade surface during freezing periods reached 8.48 mm， with cross-sectional deformation exhibiting a parabolic distribution. The thaw settlement rate in spring （March-May， 0.12 mm/day） was significantly higher than the frost heave rate during freezing periods （0.07 mm/day）， with frost heave rates between November-January surpassing those of January-February by 18.7%. Vertical deformation extremes showed a negative correlation with geothermal gradients. By introducing dynamic ice-water phase-change correction coefficients， the study improves simulation accuracy and proposes a predictive model for subgrade deformation. These results provide critical insights for optimizing frost-resistant designs in cold-region road engineering， particularly in determining interfacial heat transfer coefficients and insulation layer thickness. The research establishes a theoretical foundation for mitigating subgrade deformation and controlling freeze-thaw-induced pavement deterioration in permafrost environments.

Key words: hydro-thermal coupling, deformation law, numerical simulation, permafrost roadbed, finite element

中图分类号:

U416.1

何永明,张鹏飞,王锦扬,佟鑫,梁晨. 寒区路基水⁃热耦合理论模型及变形规律[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2026, 56(9): 2395-2407.

Yong-ming HE,Peng-fei ZHANG,Jin-yang WANG,Xin TONG,Chen LIANG. Theoretical model of water-heat coupling and deformation law of roadbed in cold area[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2026, 56(9): 2395-2407.

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土壤类型	土体状态	导热系数k/ ［W·（m·℃）^-1］	比热容C/ ［J·（kg·℃）^-1］
亚黏土	冻土	1.747	1 864
亚黏土	未冻土	1.211	1 574
砂砾土	冻土	2.586	1 087
砂砾土	未冻土	1.976	1 516

土壤参数	单位	亚黏土	砂砾土
导水率k_u	cm/s	1×10^-5	2×10^-6
扩散率D_u	cm²/s	1	1×10^-5

月份	月平均气温 /℃	月最高气温 /℃	月最低气温 /℃	日太阳辐射量/［（MJ·m^-2·d^-1）］	有效日照时间/（h·d^-1）
1	-22.24	2.30	-41.30	5.42	4.41
2	-13.64	5.80	-29.50	8.41	6.96
3	-1.25	18.40	-19.60	12.32	7.21
4	5.37	20.90	-5.80	14.24	5.92
5	13.49	28.90	-2.80	17.69	8.22
6	18.45	34.10	4.60	15.73	6.89
7	21.22	30.40	14.10	12.35	4.87
8	20.28	31.20	11.30	10.90	4.76
9	14.52	29.40	0.10	11.49	7.24
10	6.18	20.90	-8.20	8.70	6.59
11	-9.78	3.90	-26.10	5.08	3.31
12	-19.50	3.50	-35.20	4.29	2.97

月份	阴坡风速	阳坡风速	路基风速	地基风速
1	2.42	2.67	2.84	2.72
2	2.78	3.01	3.08	3.06
3	3.29	3.37	3.52	3.44
4	3.84	4.03	4.20	4.16
5	3.78	3.90	3.98	3.94
6	3.08	3.11	3.21	3.15
7	2.60	2.67	2.81	2.73
8	2.54	2.61	2.73	2.68
9	2.79	2.88	3.01	2.92
10	3.21	3.27	3.44	3.38
11	3.08	3.19	3.36	3.27
12	2.63	2.72	2.83	2.79

路面宽度/m	路面平均竖向相对变形量/mm
路面宽度/m	最大值	最小值	极差
0.00	4.80	0.85	3.95
1.25	2.23	-0.88	3.11
2.50	0.86	-1.64	2.50
3.75	1.19	-1.35	2.54
5.00	1.37	-1.76	3.13
6.25	1.23	-1.27	2.50
7.50	1.15	-1.35	2.50
8.75	3.02	-0.74	3.76
10.00	8.48	0.78	7.70