Based on the Neumann series and Epsilonalgorithm, a new eigensolution reanalysis method was developed. In the solution process, the basis vectors can be obtained from the matrix perturbation or the Neumann series, and then the Epsilonalgorithm was used to obtain the approximate eigenvectors. The approximate eigenvalues are computed from the Rayleigh quotients. The solution steps are straightforward and easy to implement with the general finite element analysis system. The computational effort is much smaller than the effort needed for the full analysis of the modified structures. A numerical example of a 40story frame was given to demonstrate the applications of the present method. Comparing with the exact solutions and the Kirsch combined approximate solutions, it was shown that the excellent results were obtained efficiently for large changes in the design parameters.

Experimental research on 12 simply supported reinforced concrete T-beams with highstrength stirrup were performed. Analyzing the experimental data from concrete strength, stirrup ratio and loading form, a formula for calculating diagonal crack widths of the reinforced concrete T-beam with highstrength stirrup was established. From the obtained results it can be seen that if concrete strength is greater than or equal to C40, diagonal crack width of reinforced concrete T-beams with highstrength stirrup can satisfy the requirement of Code for Design of Concreter Structure (GB500102002) .

For the composite plates composed of the layers with different materials, considering the heat conduction, convection and radiation boundary conditions, adopting the fournode rectangle element the finite element differential equations for its temperature field were derived by means of Galerkin method, and a general formulation about the sensitivity of the temperature field with respect to each design parameter was accomplished. A three-layer plate being taken as an example, its thermal sensitivities were simulated, and the results showed that the common part in the formulation has an obvious inertial effect in the sensitivity history, and the bigger the sensitivity absolute value is, the greater the inertial effect.

For the panel zone shear deformation of beam-to-column connections in steel frames, a trilinear model was proposed to describe the moment-shear rotation (M_φ-s) curve, and the corresponding calculation method was presented. Compared with previous calculation method and the relative test results, it can be seen that, the present method can calculate both the initial rotational stiffness of the panel zone shear deformation and the M_φ-s curve accurately. So this method provides reliable design basis for calculating panel zone shear deformation of beam-to-column connections during the steel structure design.

A new high boron cast steel liner was developed to provide better performance than the high manganese steel counterpart can do because of incompletely developed workhardening effect under the operating conditions of small or medium ball grinding mill. This type of steel was made by adding boron and other elements into the low carbon steel, from which the liner was made with a structure of a quite quantity of hard Fe₂B particles distributed on the matrix of lath martensite, and it exhibited great properties, over 58 HRC hardness and over 12 J/cm² impact toughness, render it suitable for the operating conditions of low energy and frequent impact processing. The liner of high boron cast steel has the equal price and three times abrasion resistance compared with the one made of high manganese.

A method that can calculate the thickness of fibrous thermal insulation in the metallic protection system was presented. A model for heat transfer of thermal insulation in metallic thermal protection system during spacecraft's reentry was established by combining optical thickness approximation method and energy partial differential equation. Three kinds of fibrous thermal insulation with different densities were tested for effective conductivity coefficient. Attenuation index of fibrous thermal insulations was optimized by genetic algorithm with a part of effective conductivity data and the other part of effective conductivity data were used to validate heat transfer model. In order to make spacecraft reentry safe, thicknesses of different density's fibrous thermal insulation were determined by simulation for reentry situation by the optimized model, and concluded that the fibrous thermal insulation with a density of 96 kg/m³ used in the X-33 metallic thermal protection system is lightest.

Metastable nano-sized Fe₅₀Cu₅₀ alloy powders were prepared by mechanical alloying mechanical alloying, followed by being pressed into pellets. The pellet specimens were heattreated in argon atmosphere at 523 K and 873 K, respectively. The structure and phase transition were investigated using X-ray diffraction and Mssbauer effect. It was shown that the mechanically alloyed specimens were fcc solid solutions, and the metastable alloys decomposed at 523 K, and ultimately transformed into a mixture of nano-sized αFe and Cu at 873 K. The measurement results of resistance of the specimens show the negative resistance temperature coefficient in the temperature range from 15 K to 295 K.

Two characteristic features of the wavelet analysis was applied in the CO₂ welding voltage control. Firstly, based on the relationship between the signal local singularity and the wavelet transform modulus maximum, the welding voltage signal singularity was detected, resulting in the successful detection of the welding voltage mutation point and its degree. It can be used to extract the waveform characteristics of the welding voltage and the characterizing information about the liquid bridge pinch. Secondly, making use of the good time frequency characteristics of the wavelet analysis in the signal processing, the wavelet softthreshold filtering of the swing CO₂ welding voltage signal under the arc discharge sense was carried out, showing the possibility of removing the peak current of the shortcircuit transition and improving the signal-to-noise ratio.

To study in detail the homogeneous charge compression ignition(HCCI) combustion process of the ethanol fuel, a chemical kinetics model was established for the ethanol combustion based on the ethanol high temperature reaction mechanism. The histories of the mole fractions of the different chemical species including reactants, intermediates and products were calculated with the model. The results show that the intermediate H₂O₂ and the radical HO₂ are accumulating with temperature during the compression and reach their peak values near the ethanol ignition point. The radicals OH and H reach their peak values at the ignition point and the mole fraction of OH is much more higher than that of H. After intense exothermicity, both the mole fractions of H and OH fall down to a very low level, but the falling rate of OH is much less and reachs a steady value only after 40 ℃A ATDC.

The effects of the temperature field and the substrate average temperature on the three way catalyst(TWC) conversion efficiency under different engine operations were studied on the test rig to analyze its mechanism. The experimental results showed that the temperature difference caused by the chemical reaction, heat and mass transfer in substrate is up to 82 ℃. The factor which decides the catalytic process under different substrate average temperature is different, leading the distinct trend of conversion efficiency. All these provides the experimental basis for TWC design and effective calibration between engine and TWC. 

In order to reduce the exhaust emissions from a 4cylinder turbocharged automotive diesel engine, the synergy of the variable nozzle turbocharger(VNT) and the exhaust gas recirculation(EGR) was studied experimentally to reveal the effects of the VNT on the EGR driving pressure difference and the achievable EGR rate. The test results showed that the developed EGR system reduces the engine NOxemission by 20%~47% without the penalty on the engine power output, the fuel economy and the exhaust smoke. The EGR rate could be increased by 2%~12% through regulating the difference between the gas pressure before the VNT and the air pressure after the VNT by means of VNT adjustment.

The state-of-the-art-of the underground thermal energy storage(UTES) and the basic problems faced by its development in the future were summarized, including the investigation of mechanisms, the characteristics of the unsteady heat transfer in a complex underground environment, and the control strategy of the UTES system. Through the experimental investigation and the model simulation of the heat transfer in the vertical borehole heat exchanger in a ground source heat pump system, the effect of the UTES was studied. Results show that the UTES changes the energy level and the temperature distribution which are changing with time. It is suggested to further improve the investigation of the UTES by both the experiments and the modelling to promote its application for the future, especially in China.

Applying the knowledge of terramechanics and advanced soil mechanics, a qualitative analysis of interaction between a rigid wheel and soil with given parameters was made, and the relationship between rover travel resistance and vertical load was built. Based on the result of wheelsoil analysis, a lowdensity sandwich composite wheel of planetary rover was designed.

The viewpoint that the exhaust emission constraint should be included in the vehicle powertrain(VP) optimal matching was advanced, and a comprehensive evaluation system for the VP optimal matching with integration of the dynamic performance, the fuel economy and the exhaust emission behavior by means of the weighting factors was established, followed by the determination approaches of parameters and weighting factors. A simulation model was built for the VP using the software Advisor, and a VP optimization program was compiled with the Matlab optimization toolbox. The model was validated by tests and the tested model was used to optimize the powertrain of a certain car with added constraint of its exhaust emission behavior. The results showed the consideration of the exhaust emission constraint in the VP matching reduces the exhaust emissious effectively.

The bionic camel foot tire is a brand new tire for simulating interacton between camel foot and sand based on bionics principle. To verify the traction performance on sand of the bionic camel foot tire, the comparative tests between bionic camel foot tire and the common tire were made in the indoor rig for studing interaction between vehicle running gear and sand. The indexes of traction performance of both tires were obtained by tests. The results show that the bionic camel foot tire is characterized by higher traction and passingthrough performances on sand than the common tire due to the bionic action of bionic camel foot tire. 

The logic threshold, PID, fuzzy and neural network control methods were applied to the automobile traction control system, and the controllers for the engine t hrottle position and driving wheel brake were built. Based on the comparative analysis of the controllers by the computer simulation, the neural PI throttle controller in combination with logic threshold brake controller was chosen as the best scheme.

Taking the nanometer SiC particle as the carrier of the suspension liquid for the super smooth surface processing, the nanometer SiC suspension liquid with good dispersibility and stability was developed. The mechanism of processing by the suspension liquid was explained. The developed suspension liquid was tested to process the optical glass K9. The results showed that the surface roughness of the processed optical glass tested by AFM reaches Ra=0.84 nm.

Facing the longstanding problems existing in the development of the precision planter such as the prolonged production period, the high production cost and the difficulty in the final assembly because of the interference between the interacted parts, a process of the virtual manufacturing and motion simulation of the precision planter unit was introduced applying the Pro/Engineer software. The final assembly of the planter unit was formed by restricting and connecting its parts 3D models. Its motion simulation was performed to demonstrate the movement characteristics in the virtual environment. The simulation results were processed to check the movement characteristics of the planter and to correct the possible interferences. The results showed that the proposed process improves the accuracy and efficiency of the precision planter design and deduces the development cost by using the virtual space instead of the physical space.

The working principle of the piezoelectric membrane pump with the seriesconnected double chambers and the holistic opening valve was analyzed theoretically and its structure design was given. The flow characteristics of the hoistic opening valve were derived and their affecting factors were analyzed qualitatively and confrimed by experiments. The factors affecting the output performance of the pump, such as the chamber height, the structure of values, the hysteresis of valves, cavitation, etc., were discussed and tested experimentally, and their effects were explicated. The developed piezoelectric membrance pump with the double chambers and the hoistic opening valve is characterized by selfsuction capability and performance steadiness, its flow and pressure outputs may be controlled by its power supply voltage and fuquency. When it is powered by AC200 V/250 Hz, its maximum flow output is 950 mL/min, maximam pressure is 75 kPa, selfsuction height is 0.285 m.

On the basis of machine vision, a the noncontact detection method was put forward to measure the geometrical size and shapeposition error of the ball nut. The image was collected by a digital camera A102FCCD, and was input into computer by a digital interface card IEEE1394. The original gray level image was changed into the macroscopical drawing information by preprocessing, threshold selection, image bivalency, edge detection and contour extraction and segmentation. The geometrical parameters were calculated and measured by the aid of the contour extracted from the image processing and a selfcompiled measurement program. The ball nut thread pitch, radius of the ball center circle, the sphericity deviation, the cylindricity deviation, and ballway taper were measured and their errors were 0.001, 0.023, 0.010, 0.016 and 0.006 mm respectively. The reason for error was analyzed, and concluded that the optic error is the main factor affecting the measurement precision. The results satisfy the technique requirement of the product. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that this method is feasible and correct.

To meet the requirements of the motorcycle research and development and their emission regulation tests, a host computer system for the motorcycle emission chassis dynamometer was developed. The hardware integration was achieved with an industrial control computer, a data acquisition card and a communication card. The software was developed with the virtual instrument engineering workbench. The data acquisition, the device control and the data processing were realized for the CVS sampling test, the continuous dilution sampling test and the direct sampling test. The system was proved to be reliable, universal and extendible by tests in practice.

The Statemate, a tool that supports virtual prototype technique was employed to develop a “top to bottom” hierarchical function model of flight controller using activitycharts. It was also applied for detailed description of the behaviors of Flight Control Software (FCS) using statecharts. The validity of the system function of FCS was verified by simulation. Then test cases with reliable data and consistency were generated for the test of actual FCS. This avoids the randomness and variety attributed to individuals who test the FCS. The verification and testing techniques for virtual prototype based software is, in particular, suitable for the test of embedded software which is not developed with the same model.

The integration techniques of intelligent CAD design and manufacturability verification for the vehicle body side was studied，the significance of the concurrent engineering during the vehicle body conceptual design phase was emphasized. Through applying the integration of the vehicle body side design software based on the knowledge based engineering with the one-step FEA forming simulation software based on design for manufacture, the development and integration flowchart of the two softwares and the involved key techniques were discussed. The simulation results showed that the proposed method remarkablely improves the efficiency and quality of the vehicle body design.

The features of integrated service between Personal Information Management (PIM) and Virtual Private Mobile Network (VPMN) were put forward and implementation of the integrated service was analyzed. Two mechanisms of interworking between PIM and Service Control Point (SCP), in which VPMN was performed, were presented, one is based on the function of Group Address Book Service (GABS), and the other one is based on the direct service convergence between PIM and SCP without involving the third party. On the basis of Synchronization Markup Language (SyncML) technique and FTP mode, two mechanisms of synchronization between PIM and SCP were proposed, and the advantages and disadvantages of each mechanism were analyzed and compared with the other. Results of this work can be applied to promote the service convergence between PIM and other services, since to fully achieve PIM.

Automatic partofspeech tagging is often applied to natural language processing. The approach of Block and Memory based Model (BMM) is other than that of the traditional models. BMM takes a whole Chinese sentence as a processing unit. Each word is considered respectively in a more abundant and informative context environment. The lexicon of WordNet is employed to store the tag sets, and, to improve the efficiency, the incremental learning method is applied to obtain parameters. A constant is given to smooth the sparse data and some handcrafting rules are used to amend the results. Experiments show that the accuracy of close test is about 99% and the accuracy of open test is higher than 95%.

The global asymptotic stability was discussed for the cellular neural networks(CNN) with multiple timevarying delays. Several new sufficient criteria were given to ascertain the uniqueness and the global asymptotic stability of the equilibrium point for the CNN with multiple timevarying delays. The studied neural networks model expands the existing equivalent models, and the new criteria generalize and improve upon some previous ones. Moreover, the obtained criteria eliminate the effects caused by the neuronal excitatory and the inhibitory, can be expressed in the form of linear matrix inequality, and is easily verified using the recently developed interiorpoint algorithms. Two remarks were presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and features of the new stability criteria.

A new technique for the color image compression by the 3-dimensional(3D) matrix transform based on the submatrix model was proposed. The innovations of the technique consist in that the subsampling and YC submatrix techniques were used to divide the 3D submatrix to remove the redundance among the color image components and enhance the compression ratio. The concepts of Y classified 3D submatrix and C classified 3D submatrix were proposed in the YC submatrix technique. A linear uneven scalar quantization was adopted and a new operation method, the quantization division, was defined. The experiments showed that compared with the 3D matrix transform compression technique based on the vector quantization, the proposed technique is favorable by being independent of the given image and has better overall compression effect than technique JPEG.

An algorithm for the uncorrelated discriminant vectors set based on the kernel mapping was proposed to solve the nonlinear classification problem of the face recognition. Applying the concept of the kernel function in the supporting vector machine, the nonlinear classification problem in the original space was transformed to the linear classification problem in the feature space by the kernel mapping, and the uncorrelated discriminant vectors set was solved in the feature space. The advantage of the algorithm consists in that the nonlinear problem can be transformed to the linear one, and the high order statistical features among the pixels of the face image can be extracted at the same time. The experiments in the ORL face database showed that the proposed algorithm is characterized by a higher recognition rate than the traditional algorithms for the global orthogonal and the uncorrelated discriminant vectors sets, and the highest recognition rate may reach 99%.

A method for the generation of dynamic panoramas was developed. Firstly, employing Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based multiresolution mosaic algorithm, the system generates a static panorama from a series of photographs taken at a fixed position. Then, a video camera is used to capture the periodically or stochastically moving objects in the scene and the system converts these video clips into video texture. Finally, the system registers the video texture with the static panorama and combines them into a compact representation. A novel panorama browser was developed which, in addition to its original functions, implements functions, such as adding, matching and playing video textures. Thus, the browsing visual reality is significantly enhanced.

In order to acquire the accurate signal from the noisy surrounding and get the relevant information about the gasohol from a lot of complex spectrogram which are made up of signals with a series of wavelengths, a compact, energysaving portable near infrared analyzer was designed to determine the content of water and ethanol in gasohol. The weak signal acquisition under the strong noise interference was solved by the digital phasesensitive detection technique, and an analysis model was built by means of the principal component analysis and Mahal distance, etc. The parameters of the model were calibrated by the comparative experiments and the standard data and the validation of the proposed signal acquisition technique was achieved.

Based on an Lshape array, a novel method for estimating twodimensional direction of arrival(DOA) was presented.The array geometries were employed by the algorithm to calculate the three cross correlation matrixes which are used to construct a special large matrix, then the signal subspace estimation was obtained via the eigendecomposition of the constructed matrix, and the estimation of the angles of direction and elevation was achieved by the 2D ESPRIT method. Without spectral peak searching and complex computation, this algorithm works well for pairing among parameters. The simulated results show that this method is characterized by high precision, low computation cost and good practicability.

Combining the state space model with cross-high-order cumulant, a new method for harmonic retrieval through leastsquareHankel matrix decomposition under colored noises background was proposed. The simulation results showed that the proposed spectrum estimation method is better than the Esprit method of autohighorder cumulant in the identification rate and the stability under the conditions of colored noise background and low signaltonoise ratio as well as in the ability to overcome the colored noise disturbance. 

The GPS commonview observation data were processed using the multiscale Kalman filters algorithm based on a correlative structure of the discrete wavelet coefficients. Supposing the GPS commonview observation data has the 1/ffractal characteristic, the algorithm of wavelet transform is used to estimate the selfsimilar Hurst parameter H of GPS clock difference data. When 0 Related Articles | Metrics

The effect of the clock jitter on the signaltonoise ratio(SNR) in the highspeed data acquisition system was studied and a new technique to measure the clock jitter based on SNR was proposed. A mathematical formula to link the SNR and the clock jitter as well as the input signal frequency was derived based on the samplhold circuit model and its simulation was done. Two kinds of clock jitter were measured with the proposed technique and results show it is characterized by easy operation and high resolution.

Aiming at the problem of rendezvous between 2 spacecrafts, an optimal, most fuelsaving 3impulse rendezvous method was investigated. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the optimal solution of the 3impulse rendezvous whether or not with terminal coastings were derived, and the corresponding solution method was given respectively. The solution of the optimal 3impulse rendezvous is a multivariable iteration process. For the 3impulse rendezvous with terminal coastings, the symmetry characteristic of optimal 4impulse rendezvous was applied to reduce the number of the iteration variables to save the calculation consumption. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed solution were proved by the digital simulations. The simulation results showed that for the given initial states, there are no optimal solutions for 2impulse and 4impulse rendezvous except that for the 3impulse rendezvous in some time intervals, and the optimal 3impulse rendezvous is a method characterized by reasonable fuel and time consumptions.

Based on the survey of the traffic flow in Changchun city arteries, the scatter charts of vehicle speed-low data were plotted, the linear regression equations of scatter plots and their boundaries were derived and compared with the curve of Greenshields speed-flow model and the scatter plot of the freeway data, thus the speed-low characteristics in urban arteries were established, being of help for the traffic managers to determine the traffic signal control strategy. 

Based on the analysis of the features of the city goods delivery and vehicle dispatching, a multiobject decisionmaking model of the velicle dispatching for the optimal overall benefits was built, and an allocatingsaving heuristic algorithm to solve the model was designed. The allocating heuristic algorithm ensures the maximum satisfaction of the clients, and the saving algorithm ensures the overall optimization. The excellent solution can be obtained by the local and whole optimizing adjustment of the initial solution. A city delivery vehicle dispatching system was developed based on the algorithm, and its application showed that the suggested algorithm can effectively solve the city goods delivery problems, such as the client maximum satisfaction, the lowest total costs, and the highest vehicle loading rate, etc.

Hairy roots of ginseng were directly inoculated from the root explants of two-year-old ginseng by Agro bacterium rhizogene A₄. The specific growth rate and the ginsenoside content of sixteen kinds of hairy roots were measured, from which three high-yielding clones were selected. The highestyielding clone was R9923 whose biomass increased by 28.8 times after four weeks culturing. The growth of the hairy root and the development of ginsenoside of clone R9923 were investigated and it was found that the ginsenoside content increases with the biomass of the hairy root. The contents of monomer ginsenoside Rg₁, Re and Rb₁in clone R9923 were determined by HPLC method. The total content of ginsenoside in the hairy root after four weeks culturing came up to 15.2 mg/g, in which 68.3% was Rb₁. The content of Rb₁in the hairy root was 2.3 times of that of three-year-old ginseng. The ginsenoside Rb₁was separated and purified from the hairy root by silica gel column chromatography, in which the optimal solvent ratio of chloroform to methanol was 7.5∶2.5, the purity of Rb₁was 89.95% and the yield was 72.7%.

Experimental materials are cotyledon of American ginseng/s(Panax quin quefolium linne) seed embryo, hypocotyl of carrot/s（Daucus carota）seedling fro m seed. Experimental design is the orthogonal design combination with quadratic regression. The experiment has 17 treatments with 3 factors those were as follow s: 2,4D, IAA and ZT. Every factor supposed 5 levels. First, the regression pa rameters of the growth rate were carried out by SPSS statistical analysis softwa re based on test results. Then, tendency diagrams of the growth rates for two pl ants callus were drawn up by the Matlab software. Finally，the media with differ ent function were chosen. The callus of the American ginseng preferred the mediu m（MS+2,4D1.14 mg/L +IAA1.37 mg/L+ZT0.47 mg/L）.For the carrot, the greater ra te of the callus growth was seen in the medium (MS+2,4D 3.30 mg/L+IAA 0.55 mg/L+ZT 0.29 mg/L). The rate of induction and growth of callus for both American ginseng and carrot was higher in the medium (MS+ 2,4D 1.67 mg/L+IAA 0.98 mg/L+ZT 0.47 mg/L).

Data mining was applied to investigate the tendency of population migration. First, data of population information system was preprocessed by the analysis of attributes reduction and attributes relevance. Then the left attributes were used to construct the decision tree by the way of information gaining, and the method of combination of rules applied to decision tables was employed to refine the rules of the decision tree. Finally the basic tendency of population migration was obtained. Results indicate that, the migration rate of highly educated unmarried population and young unmarried population with little education is relative higher, and that of senile population is relative lower, while that of others is generic.