The deformation behavior of 65 Mn steel by equal channel angular pressing(ECAP) was investigated at 650 ℃ with route C in which the sample was rotated 180° along its longitudinal axis. The characteristics of ECAP and the influence of ECAP on the structure and mechanical property were analyzed using optical microscopy(OP), transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and hardness. The results showed that as the total equivalent true strain reached 5 for the 65 Mn steel by ECAP, the microstructure evolved from lamella pearlite into ultrafine cementite particles dispersed uniformly in the ferrite matrix after 5 passes distortion, and the ferrite matrix consisted of homogeneous equiaxed grains with an average grain size of 0.3 μm. The hardness was considerably increased after ECAP.

AZ91D Magnesium alloy samples were pretreated in zinc phosphating bath, and then were plated NiP deposits from the bath containing nickel sulphate. The microstructure of the phosphate coatings were observed using scanning electron mioroscopy(SEM) and the phase composition were analyzed by Xray diffractometer(XRD). The formation mechanisms of the phosphate coating and the NiP deposit were investigated. Result shows that chief compositions of the phosphate coating were Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O and Zn. Metal zinc crystals become the catalytic particles of the nickel deposition. The sodium metanitrobenzene sulphonate in the phosphating bath increases the micro cathode areas of the phosphate coating and accelerates the formation of the phosphate coating. It was proved that electroless NiP deposits onto the phosphate coating obtained from the zinc phosphating bath containing 4.0 g/L sodium metanitrobenzene sulphonate are denser and has better anticorrosion performance. The adhesion of the electroless NiP deposits satisfies the requirement of ISO 2819.

The active control technique for the parallel hybrid electric vehicle(PHEV) with double shafts was suggested to resolve the problem that its shifting time is too long for the automatic mechanical shifting control. Simulation and tests were performed and results showed that for the PHEV, the application of the active control assisted by a motor can shorten its synchronizing time 1.2 s during shifting and reduce the acceleration time from 0 to 60 km/h up to 7 s.

To realize the aim of vehicle adaptive cruise control(ACC), a twostates model of engine was introduced on the basis of formerly developed vehicle brake system model, and giving a switch criterion between the vehicle driving and braking, a vehicle longitudinal dynamic model was constructed. Taking santana car as an example, a simulation program was compiled to simulate the typical ACC condition of the car. The simulation results show that the suggested model can realize the ACC of the car with successful switch between driving and braking.

A fourwheel dynamical model was employed to simulate the effects of the selfdeveloped disctype mechanical limitedslip differential(MLSD) on the power performance of a rear wheel drive(RWD) vehicle driving on the splitμ road and a series of splitμ road tests were performed. The results show that the RWD vehicle with MLSD can accelerate from rest on the splitμ road where the RWD vehicle with the open differential(OD) can not do. The MLSD vehicle is characterized by less acceleration time and higher gradeability as compared to the OD vehicle. The acceleration and grade abilities enhance with the locking ratio of MLSD until the latter reaches a specific value with an asymtotic character.

In consideration of the shortcoming of the closed automotive E/E control system, through the analysis of the requirement of the open system and the character of automotive E/E control system, an open architecture automotive E/E control system based on quantum frame was established adopting the advanced software technology of embedded system. Design of the electronic control clutch experiment system shows that the open character can be gained using the architecture and the system based on this architecture is much better than the closed system.

The underground heat transfer during the discontinuous operation in the earth energy utilization in the ground source heat pump(GSHP) was studied by experiments and simulations. The intermittent processes with variable loads were investigated and results showed that regulating the load cycle can realize the control of the underground temperature distribution. The underground temperature can be restored during the operation intermittence due to providing an additional time for underground heat transfer and supplementing timely the surrounding energy to the tested area,thus the GSHP may work under more favorable conditions with larger heat extraction capacity and higher coefficient of performance. Making use of the character of regularly intermittent process of the airconditioning system,effective intermittent operation control of the GSHP is significant for the future earth energy utilization.

：Flow characteristics of flow field in the header of platefin heat exchanger were investigated by means of particle image velocimetry (PIV) and a series of velocity vector and streamline graphs of different crosssections before and after the header improvement were achieved. The experimental results indicated that the improved header configuration with a punched baffle can effectively enhance the uniformity of fluid flow distribution. The results validate that PIV is well suitable to investigate complex flow pattern. And further heat exchange experiments indicate that for the improved header configuration, the temperatures are distributed more uniformly in the heat exchanger core and the heat exchanger efficiency can be effectively enhanced about 15%.

The benefits of the route guidance information from variable message signs(VMS) and the congestion shifting phenomenon owing to the inappropriate offering of route guidance information were discussed using the simulation software，VISSIM. The important conclusions are: ①the location of VMS has great impacts on the effect of the route guidance information. If VMS route guidance information is disseminated appropriately, the performance improvement of the road network could be up to 23.7 %(delay reduction), 31.8 %(accumulated stop time reduction) and 38.7 %(stop frequency reduction). ②The performance improvement of the road network depends on the quality of the recommended alternative route. If the alternative route quality is not satisfying, the congested area would not be ameliorated but deteriorated and new congestion would be produced at the alternative route.③The frequency of the left turns and their capacity are two critical factors signifying the quality of the alternatives. This implies that the criteria should include the frequency of the left turns and their capacity besides travel time, travel distance and so on when the alternatives are selected.

The roller burnishing plastic precision processing was studied.The effects of original surface roughness, longitudinal burnishing depth, transversal feed rate, burnishing speed, and burnishing times on the roughness, hardness and microstructure of the finished surface were systematically investigated through experiments. Results show that roller burnishing plastic precision processing enhances surface hardness and compactness, diminishes surface roughness. Furthermore, comparing with traditional burnishing processing, this method eliminates the use of grinding wheel and cooling liquid, which diminish pollution. All of these prove the promising prospect of roller burnishing plastic precision processing.

To reduce the separation force in fracture splitting connecting rod and improve the splitting quality,a finite element model for fracture splitting connecting rod was established by software MSC.Marc. The orthogonal experiment method was employed to analyze the influence of starting notch geometry parameters on separation force. Variance significant analysis show that the influence of notch depth h on separation force is the most remarkable and open angle α is in the second place and curvature radius r is not obvious. When open angle α≤45°, separation force begins to increase slowly. Separation force reduces as notch depth h increases. When h≥1.0 mm, separation force begins to reduce slowly.

In order to understand deeply the flow characteristics inside the 3elements centripetal hydrodynamic torque converter, improve its design method and enhance its efficiency, a 3dimensional numerical computation method simulating the flow field inside the converter was suggested. At first, the flow field of each impeller was calculated to get the flow rate versus the pressure difference between inlet and exit curves. Next, the concurrent work status of each impeller was estimated. Then, considering the influence between each impeller, the actual work status was approached progressively through iteration. Finally, the relatively precise pressure and velocity distributions of the flow field inside the total converter was achieved, enabling to predict the performance of the converter. The proposed calculation method and calculated pressure and velocity distributions of the flow field inside the converter have the practical significance for design and improvement of the studied type of hydrodynamic torque converter.

According to the characters of nonliner and nonstatic state in traverse grinding, a size intelligent prediction and control model based on the dynamic Elman neural network was constructed. The first and the second derivative of the actual amount removed from the workpiece were added into the network input to improve the prediction accuracy. A flexible factor was introduced to the fuzzy control model, which can selfadapt and adjust the universe of discourse in the fuzzy control and the workpiece peripheral speed vw was selected as control variable. The results of simulation and experiment indicate that the developed neural network size prediction model and adaptive fuzzy control model are feasible and characterized by high prediction and control precisions.

A series and parallel polishing machine was utilized to polish the freeform surface. Under the different polishing conditions, the same surface was polished to analyse the effects of different parameters on the freesurface quality and the processing efficiency. By analysing the process of polishing, a mathematical representation of polishing conditions was established, 4 polishing parameters affecting the freesurface quality and the processing efficiency were deduced, and their effects on surface roughness were analysed. A preliminary freeform surface polishing expert system was established and providing a basis for adaptive control of polishing process.

Two kinds of typical poultry—leghorn and duck were selected to study the relationship between feather structure，surface lipids and wettability by means of scanning electron microscopy, computer photograph analysis system and contact angle measurement. The test results showed that the repellency of duck is better than that of Leghorn as the intrinsic contact angle on rachis and apparent contact angle on certain parts of duck are larger than those of leghorn. Moreover, duck feather structure possess good streamline to reduce the resistance when duck swims because of the slant flange on the cross section and barb at the end of feather. These result in the different capability when they are in water.The feather surface lipoid has not notable influence on their wettability.

In order to resolve the problem that the single AOV network and the existing tree model cannot express the dual relations of the syntax of the graphic language,i.e.,the data directional relation based on the dataflow and the vessel control relation of the program control, a concept of brother AOV network was suggested based on the definitions of lager graph and its subset, brother graph, to form a basic structural model of the graphic language, and its operation model was realized in combination with the sorting and the node relation transmission rules of the AOV network. This model has been applied to the selfdeveloped virtual instrument developing platform called LabScene and makes the virtual instrument run by parsing method according to the control pattern and dataflow designed by the user.

The windows network data packet filtering techniques and the network driver interface specification (NDIS) were studied and a network monitor based on NDIS intermediate driver(IMD) on Windows 2000 platform was developed. The monitor includes two modules, the one is the NDIS IMD data packet filtering program to filter the netowrk data packets, and the other is the application data packet processing program to set the conditions of the filtering and analyze and process the data packets.The developed network monitor can be used to filter and process IP and its upper netowrk protocols packets on Windows 2000 platform.

With digital processing and reconstruction, an improved selective reset pixel structure and a design of pixel array to extend the dynamic range of CMOS image sensor (CIS) was achieved. During pixel integration, comparisons were made between the photodiode voltage and threshold voltages at 3 specific moments for confirming the selective reset. The final photodiode value was reconstructed by threshold value to produce the pixel result. The whole system enhances dynamic range to 107.4 dB and upgrades the image quality. The reconstruction circuit was realized by the digital circuit, ensured the high speed and reduced memory requirement by processing unit.

In order to assist surgeons to complete intramedullary interlocking nail, and implement minimally invasive surgery under direct control of the surgeon, a robot assisted intramedullary interlocking nail system is developed, which mainly consists of robot subsystem, image navigation subsystem, telesurgery subsystem and virtual surgery subsystem. The surgery system can dispose the real time Xray images, guide the parallel robot to restore fractured bones and guide the series robot to lock distal hole of intramedullary nails. It can assist surgeons to perform fractured surgery more effectively by improving accuracy of reposition and more easily by releasing the surgeons from the heavy operation. At the same time, the teleoperation can assist surgeons to perform fracture surgery at other place, more safely by reducing irradiation damage. The experimental results show that the developed robot assisted intramedullary interlocking nail system can fulfill the surgery task of fracture surgery accurately.

A singlecable checking system was developed to check the cables of the timelapse marine seismic data acquisition and recording system. The system includes the integration of hardware, an FPGA logic, an embedded realtime operating system Vxworks and a humanmachine interface, is characterized by high flexibility and reliability.

A novel localization method for the automatic guided vehicle(AGV) was proposed based on the localization by ultrasonic and infrared ray, a mathematical model for the system navigation and control was built, and a corresponding AGV system was developed. Compared with the traditional systems, such as the system based on the underground embedded wire, the system based on the machine vision, etc., the developed system is characterized by flexible path planning, no need for modification and reconstruction of the field in which the AGV will work. Besides, it possesses high localization precision, good realtime ability and cost advantage.

Labeling maps affecting the performance of bitinterleaved coded modulation with iterative decoding (BICMID) system were investigated, and a new labeling map called the defined region optimum symbol map (DRO), which satisfies performance requirement in a given SNR region, was proposed. By systematic research of the characteristic parameters of various labeling maps and analysis of the asymptotic performance of the iterative decoding system, key parameters to decide the performance of the BICMID system were obtained when convolutional codes were used as error correction codes.

The requirement of error vector magnitude(EVM) measurement in conformance test was analyzed. A novel EVM measurement algorithm based on the iterative process was presented. According to the comparison between the simulation results and the measurement results with the professional test instrument, the algorithm can fulfill EVM measurement in conformance test， and it is competent to be a key algorithm in radio frequency test equipments for TDSCDMA UE.

To achieve the fast extracting and steady tracking of an arbitrary target in the complex environment, a new method of constituting and updating target template was proposed. Using an adaptive spacial filter to partition the target area, then the target is extracted using twoprojection method,and the template is updated according to its evaluation function during tracking. The proposed method is characterized by good adaptability of the template, exact judge of the target, and good tracking robustness. The field experiment shows that when target is changeable or covered by other objects, the system can still extract the target exactly and keep tracking steadily.

The nanoscale αFe particles with size of about 80 nm was prepared with a microemulsion method. This kind of Fe particles is characterized by high surface energies, removes mostly 30,50,80,120 mg/L of NO-3N within a reaction period of 30 min under room temperature, neutral, and anaerobic conditions. The nitrate reduction rate is larger than 90%. Experiments show that during the reaction the \[NO-3\] decreases monotonously, the \[NH+4\] increases monotonously, while the concentration of the intermediate species \[NO-2\] increases firstly,achieving the maximum value and then decreases, implicating the character of the consecutive reaction instead of the first order reaction. It was suggested that the role of nanoscale iron in the denitrification lies in the directly participaing in the redox reaction accompanied by the adsorption of nitrate, and the major product of the reaction is amonium nitrate.

In order to recover the urban sewage heat energy,a labscale equipment for the sewage heat energy recovery based on water source heat pump was developed and researched experimentally. The technique of indirect heat exchange by the plasticAl pipe to recover the urban sewage heat energy was introduced to overcome the key problem in the utilization of the urban sewage heat energy,i.e., the corrosion of the heat exchanger,laying the foundation for the practical utilization of sewage heat energy. The experimental results show that the developed system is favorable to the environment protection and energy conservation,satisfying the heat duty requirement with the average coefficient of performance 3.2.

The green manufacturing decisionmaking target in the bionic terrain machinery was presented, and the affecting factor index system of its greenness was built. The interrelations between each pair of indexes were decided by making inquiries of the experts, and the effects of factors were analyzed quantitatively by DEMATEL approach. The key factors affecting the green manufacturing of the bionic terrain machinery in the practice, the administrative personnel, the technical personnel mastering the bionic technology, and the bionic material, etc., were discussed on the basis of presented analysis.

The Startup General Valuation Model (SGVM), which is an approach for enterprise valuation on the basis of processview, was tested using the software of Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS) and questionnaire data. Results show that the startup value is created jointly by the startup business model and the activity of the Top Management Team (TMT), and the activity of TMT contributes to the value creation of startups as a multiplicator. Comparing with traditional valuation, SGVM emphasizes the significant effect of management abilities on value creation of startups. The contribution of TMT to the value creation of startups is determined by the combination of their capability of competition and degree of endeavor. Results also show that the degree of endeavor has multiplying effect on TMT competition.