To address the challenges associated with complex nonlinear characteristics and limited detection accuracy in long-distance pipeline leak detection, the application value and development potential of deep learning technologies are systematically investigated. Firstly, the current research status of deep learning in long-distance pipeline leakage detection both domestically and internationally are reviewed. It analyzed key technologies in deep learning-based pipeline leak detection and summarized existing challenges. Finally, this study discussed the advantages and limitations of deep learning in the field and outlined future research directions for long-distance pipeline leakage detection technology.