纳米氧化锌的抗菌作用机制及其影响因素的研究进展

doi:10.13481/j.1671-587X.20250430

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

纳米金属材料由于其无毒、稳定和高效的生物学性质而受到广泛关注，其中生物相容性良好的纳米氧化锌（ZnO-NPs）因具有广谱抗菌作用，兼具光催化活性，被认为是一种具有良好医用潜力的抗菌材料。ZnO-NPs抗菌作用机制尚未明确，目前公认的作用机制有2种，一种是以ZnO-NPs产生的活性氧（ROS）及其释放的锌离子（Zn²⁺）为主导的非接触机制，另一种是ZnO-NPs与细胞壁成分相互作用的直接接触细菌的抗菌机制，不同抗菌机制是由其物化性质所致。氧化锌（ZnO）作为一种宽带隙半导体，其抗菌效果不仅受光照影响，也受ZnO-NPs粒径、浓度、外貌和细菌类型及结构等因素影响。了解确切的作用机制对阐明ZnO-NPs对细菌和真菌的抗菌功能至关重要。现就ZnO-NPs抗菌作用机制及其影响因素的最新研究进展进行综述，并对ZnO-NPs抗菌效果的影响因素进行总结，为深入理解并将ZnO-NPs应用于临床抗菌治疗提供依据。

关键词: 纳米氧化锌, 细菌感染性疾病, 抗菌机制, 活性氧, 影响因素

Abstract:

Nanometal materials have been extensively studied due to their non-toxic， stable， and efficient biological properties. Among them， nano-zinc oxide （ZnO-NPs）， which exhibits good biocompatibility， is considered a promising antibacterial material for medical applications due to its broad-spectrum antibacterial effects and photocatalytic activity. The antibacterial mechanism of ZnO-NPs is not yet fully understood， but two widely recognized modes have been proposed： one is a non-contact mechanism dominated by reactive oxygen species （ROS） generated by ZnO-NPs and the release of Zn²⁺， and the other is a direct contact antibacterial mechanism involving the interaction between ZnO-NPs and bacterial cell wall components. These two distinct antibacterial mechanisms are attributed to the physicochemical properties of ZnO-NPs. As a wide-bandgap semiconductor， the antibacterial efficacy of ZnO-NPs is influenced not only by light exposure but also by factors such as particle size， concentration， morphology， as well as the type and structure of the target bacteria. Therefore， understanding the precise mechanisms is crucial for elucidating the antibacterial functions of ZnO-NPs against bacteria and fungi. This review summarizes the latest research progress on the antibacterial mechanisms of ZnO-NPs and their influencing factors， and provides an overview of the factors affecting the antibacterial performance of ZnO-NPs， offering a basis for a deeper understanding and application of ZnO-NPs in antibacterial therapy.

Key words: Nano-zinc oxide, Bacterial infectious diseases, Antibacterial mechanism, Reactive oxygen species, Influencing factor

中图分类号:

R781.4

徐梓阳,王若琳,郭一凡,刘雨季,刘敏. 纳米氧化锌的抗菌作用机制及其影响因素的研究进展[J]. 吉林大学学报(医学版), 2025, 51(4): 1129-1136.

Ziyang XU,Ruolin WANG,Yifan GUO,Yuji LIU,Min LIU. Research progress in mechanism of antimicrobial action of zinc oxide nanoparticles and its influencing factors[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Medicine Edition), 2025, 51(4): 1129-1136.

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