职业酸雾暴露与作业工人生物衰老加速的关联性分析

doi:10.13481/j.1671-587X.20240629

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To discuss the association between occupational acid fog exposure and accelerated biological aging of the workers， and to clarify its related risk factors. Methods A total of 341 male workers exposed to occupational acid fog and 201 male workers without occupational exposure were selected as the study subjects, and they were divided into exposure group and control group, respectively. The general informations of the subjects in two groups were collected through questionnaires and physical examinations. The levels of red blood cell count（RBC）, platelet count（PLT）, albumin（ALB）, urea（Urea）, creatinine（CR）, triglycerides（TG）, total cholesterol（TC）, glycated hemoglobin（HBA1c）, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein（Hs-CRP） in serum of the subjects in two groups were detected. The Klemera-Doubal method （KDM） was used to construct the composite aging measure, KDM-biological age（BA）（KDM-BA）. The model parameters were trained using samples from the 2009 China Health and Nutrition Survey（CHNS） Database to calculate the BA acceleration of the subjects in two groups； stratified analysis based on the population characteristics was conducted to analyze the BA of the subjects in two groups with different population characteristics； generalized linear model was used to analyze the factors influencing BA acceleration due to acid fog exposure. Results The model parameters were trained using samples from the 2009 CHNS Database, including 8 133 cases aged 20-79 years, of which 3 788 were male. The levels of Urea, CR, HBA1c, ALB, and TC, as well as systolic blood pressure (SBP), total working years, sleep duration, and body mass index（BMI） of the subjects between two groups had significant differences（P<0.05）. Compared with control group, the BA acceleration of the subjects in exposure group was significantly increased （P<0.05）. In entire population and exposure group, the BA acceleration in the smokers was significantly higher than that in the non-smokers （P<0.05）. In entire population, control group, and exposure group, the BA accelerations of the subjects in different BMI groups were significantly decreased with the increase of BMI （P<0.05）. Compared with control group, the BA acceleration of the subjects in exposure group was significantly increased（P<0.05）， including those under 40 years old, with total working years of 4-7 years, Han nationality, unmarried, smokers, and sleep duration 6-7 h, and with overweight. Acid fog exposure, smoking, and BMI were associated with the BA acceleration （β=0.72, 95% CI： 0.24—1.21； β=0.59, 95% CI： 0.11—1.06； β=-0.29, 95% CI： -0.35—-0.22）. Conclusion Occupational acid fog exposure may accelerate the biological aging in the workers, and acid fog is a risk factor to accelerate the biological aging of the body.

Key words: Acid fog, Biologrcal aging, Biological age, Smoking, Body mass index

CLC Number:

R134.2

Weichao WU,Yan GUO,Xiangkai ZHAO,Zhiguang GU,Yijia GUO,Zipeng LAN,Hui HUANG,Lei KUANG,Ming ZHANG,Dongsheng HU,Yongli YANG,Wei WANG,Jinru CHEN. Correlation analysis on occupational acid fog exposure and accelerated biological aging in workers[J].Journal of Jilin University(Medicine Edition), 2024, 50(6): 1741-1750.

Figures/Tables 4

Tab.1

Parameters of KDM-BA model"

Biomarker	$k$	$q$	$s$	$s B A 2$
Urea（mmol·L^-1）	0.018 8	4.853 1	1.477 2	－71.048 2
CR（μmol·L^-1）	0.185 9	86.525 2	16.945 6
RBC（10¹² L^-1）	－0.011 0	5.525 5	0.633 7
PLT（10⁹ L^-1）	－0.583 9	233.611 5	64.026 9
HBA1c（%）	0.011 8	5.061 1	0.933 5
ALB（g·L^-1）	－0.076 5	51.686 7	3.341 5
TC（mmol·L^-1）	0.006 9	4.484 9	0.970 2
SBP（mmHg）	0.453 6	103.249 4	16.140 5
Ln（Hs-CRP) (mg·L^-1）	0.019 4	－0.957 7	1.424 6
Ln（TG）（mmol·L^-1）	－0.002 2	0.454 7	0.666 3

Tab.1

Tab.2

General data of subjects in two groups"

Baseline characteristics	Exposure group （n=341）	Control group （n=201）	$t / χ 2$	P
Age (year)	36.60±9.11	36.35±8.68	0.325	0.745
Urea (mmol·L^-1)	4.52±1.15	5.01±1.28	4.476	<.0.01
CR (μmol·L^-1)	82.37±11.73	84.52±10.62	2.184	0.029
RBC (10¹²L^-1)	5.20±0.42	5.27±0.35	1.855	0.064
PLT (10⁹L^-1)	253.53±56.93	260.9±55.55	1.478	0.140
HBA1c (%)	5.44±0.42	5.57±0.77	2.184	0.030
ALB (g·L^-1)	47.67±2.44	49.45±2.33	8.449	<.0.01
TC (mmol·L^-1)	4.79±0.97	5.03±0.91	2.831	0.005
SBP (mmHg)	126.01±13.95	132.35±12.46	5.470	<.0.01
Ln (Hs-CRP) (mg·L^-1)	-0.25±1.10	-0.17±1.29	0.780	0.436
Ln (TG) (mmol·L^-1)	0.28±0.66	0.29±0.58	0.242	0.809
BA (years)	37.02±9.33	36.20±9.32	0.982	0.326
Accelerated biological age (years)	0.41±2.86	-0.14±2.83	2.212	0.027
Length of service (years)	6.73±6.25	9.53±8.75	3.976	<.0.01
Nationality			0.000	1.000
Han	295 (86.51)	174 (86.57)
Other	46 (13.49)	27 (13.43)
Residence			0.070	0.791
Rural	298 (87.39)	178 (88.56)
City	43 (12.61)	23 (11.44)
Marital status			2.464	0.292
Single	119 (34.90)	60 (29.85)
Married	207 (60.70)	135 (67.16)
Other	15 (4.40)	6 (2.99)
Educational level			0.086	0.769
Low	152 (44.57)	93 (46.27)
High	189 (55.43)	108 (53.73)
Smoking			0.313	0.576
Yes	171 (50.15)	95 (47.26)
No	170 (49.85)	106 (52.74)
Drinking alcohol			1.786	0.181
Yes	152 (44.57)	77 (38.31)
No	189 (55.43)	124 (61.69)
Physical exercise (times·week^-1)			3.892	0.143
<1	110 (32.26)	74 (36.82)
1-3	155 (45.45)	74 (36.82)
≥4	76 (22.29)	53 (26.37)
Sleep duration (h)			15.563	<.0.01
<6	15 (4.40)	21 (10.45)
6-7	184 (53.96)	125 (62.19)
≥8	142 (41.64)	55 (27.36)
BMI(kg·m^-2)			8.656	0.034
<18.5	12 (3.52)	10 (4.98)
18.5~23.9	142 (41.64)	103 (51.24)
24.0~27.9	127 (37.24)	68 (33.83)
≥28.0	60 (17.60)	20 (9.95)

Tab.2

Tab.3

BA acceleration of subjects in two groups with different population characteristics"

Group	Total		Exposure		Control		t	P
Group	n	BA acceleration	n	BA acceleration	n	BA acceleration	t	P
Total population	542	0.21±2.86	341	0.41±2.86	201	-0.14±2.83	2.205	0.028
Age(year)
<40	362	0.14±2.88	228	0.40±2.87	134	-0.31±2.86	2.279	0.023
≥40	180	0.34±2.81	113	0.44±2.85	67	0.18±2.75	0.583	0.561
t		0.775		0.100		1.163
P		0.439		0.920		0.246
Length of service (year)
<4	205	0.39±2.86	136	0.63±2.89	69	-0.08±2.78	1.679	0.095
4-7	116	0.17±2.76	78	0.55±2.70	38	-0.60±2.74	2.140	0.034
≥8	221	0.06±2.91	127	0.10±2.92	94	-0.01±2.90	0.277	0.782
F		0.725		1.209		0.627
P		0.485		0.300		0.535
Nationality
Han	469	0.20±2.83	295	0.40±2.86	174	-0.15±2.75	2.068	0.039
Other	73	0.27±3.05	46	0.48±2.90	27	-0.08±3.30	0.761	0.449
t		0.221		0.179		0.129
P		0.825		0.858		0.898
Residence
Rural	476	0.25±2.87	298	0.42±2.88	178	-0.05±2.83	1.753	0.080
City	66	-0.08±2.77	43	0.34±2.74	23	-0.86±2.71	1.711	0.092
t		0.860		0.170		1.300
P		0.390		0.865		0.195
Marital status
Single	179	0.23±2.71	119	0.56±2.55	60	-0.41±2.92	2.286	0.023
Married	342	0.17±2.93	207	0.35±3.02	135	-0.09±2.76	1.381	0.168
other	21	0.55±3.07	15	0.22±3.02	6	1.37±3.32	0.764	0.454
F		0.181		0.239		0.155
P		0.835		0.787		0.317
Educational level
Low	245	0.20±2.99	152	0.41±2.95	93	-0.14±3.04	1.400	0.163
High	297	0.21±2.75	189	0.41±2.79	108	-0.15±2.64	1.711	0.088
t		0.022		0.005		0.030
P		0.983		0.996		0.976
Smoking
Yes	266	0.51±2.98	171	1.11±2.80	95	-0.56±3.00	4.566	<0.01
No	276	-0.09±2.71	170	-0.29±2.75	106	0.23±2.61	1.564	0.119
t		2.478		4.675		2.009
P		0.014		<0.001		0.046
Drinking alcohol
Yes	229	0.25±3.02	152	0.48±2.93	77	-0.20±3.17	1.606	0.110
No	313	0.17±2.74	189	0.36±2.81	124	-0.11±2.60	1.498	0.135
t		0.321		0.384		0.203
P		0.749		0.701		0.839
Physical exercise (times·week^-1)
<1	184	-0.01±2.79	110	0.20±2.74	74	-0.32±2.84	1.256	0.211
1-3	229	0.36±2.97	155	0.45±3.01	74	0.16±2.91	0.697	0.486
≥4	129	0.24±2.75	76	0.64±2.73	53	-0.32±2.69	1.975	0.050
F		0.843		0.539		0.674
P		0.431		0.584		0.511
Sleep duration (h)
<6	36	-0.57±2.70	15	-1.62±1.78	21	0.18±3.02	2.061	0.047
6-7	309	0.25±2.84	184	0.53±2.86	125	-0.16±2.78	2.116	0.035
≥8	197	0.28±2.91	142	0.47±2.89	55	-0.23±2.90	1.539	0.125
F		1.445		4.070		0.163
P		0.237		0.018		0.850
BMI (kg·m^-2)
<18.5	22	2.38±2.21	12	2.79±2.62	10	1.89±1.60	0.950	0.353
18.5-23.9	245	0.81±2.95	142	1.12±2.89	103	0.39±2.99	1.918	0.056
24.0-27.9	195	-0.12±2.63	127	0.22±2.69	68	-0.74±2.41	2.450	0.015
≥28.0	80	-1.46±2.30	60	-1.31±2.24	20	-1.90±2.48	0.993	0.324
F		19.698		14.733		7.156
P		<0.01		<0.01		<0.01

Tab.3

Tab.4

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Model	β（95%CI）	Wald/χ²	P
Age（year）	0.00（-0.03, 0.03）	0.017	0.895
Length of service（year）	-0.01（-0.04, 0.03）	0.177	0.674
Exposure
Yes	0.72（0.24, 1.21）	8.632	0.003
No	Reference value
Nation
Han	0.01（-0.65, 0.67）	0.001	0.970
Other	Reference value
Residence
Rural	0.26（-0.43, 0.95）	0.540	0.462
City	Reference value
Marital status
Single	-0.39（-1.64, 0.86）	0.372	0.542
Married	-0.18（-1.36, 1.01）	0.086	0.770
Other	Reference value
Educational level
Low	Reference value
High	-0.03（-0.51, 0.45）	0.013	0.909
Smoking
Yes	0.59（0.11, 1.06）	5.914	0.015
No	Reference value
Drinking alcohol
Yes	-0.06（-0.54, 0.43）	0.053	0.819
No	Reference value
Physical exercise（times·week^-1）
<1	Reference value
1—3	0.23（-0.28, 0.75）	0.787	0.375
≥4	0.03（-0.57, 0.63）	0.009	0.924
Sleep duration（h）
<6	Reference value
6—7	0.64（-0.28, 1.56）	1.844	0.175
≥8	0.49（-0.47, 1.44）	0.991	0.319
BMI（kg·m^-2）	-0.29（-0.35, -0.22）	74.967	<.0.01

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Correlation analysis on occupational acid fog exposure and accelerated biological aging in workers

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