Abstract:

Objective To identify normal breast tissues and breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) tissue by shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS),and to explore the biological characteristics of DCIS and the identification method.Methods The frozen section of breast tissue from 17 patients underwent surgical resection were obtained.9 cases of normal breast tissue and 8 cases of DCIS tissue  were detected by Raman spectroscopy first and then SHINERS technique was utilized after adding shell-isolated nanoparticles(SHINs).A total of 223 Raman spectra and 231 SHINERS  were obtained.All the spectra were dealt with baseline corrected by fitting and subtracting a third-order polynomial and then smoothed with a 15-point Adjacent-Averaging.Results  The characteristic peak of normal breast tissue  appeared at 1 090,1 157,1 262,1 300,1 442,1 658,1 745,and  1 874 cm-1.After adding SHINs,some peaks shifted  2-3 cm-1, and the relative strength of 1 090 and 1 157 cm-1 was significantly increased,and the characteristic peak at 1 496 cm-1  appeared.The Raman spectrocopy showed there were more nucleic acid characteristic peaks (including 878,1 086,and 1 157 cm-1) in breast DCIS tissue;after adding SHINs,the relative strength of 1 004,1 157,1 526,and 1 658 cm-1 was increased,the characteristics peak of lipid around 1 745 cm-1 and 1 442 cm-1 stemed   from the C=O and CH2 stretching vibration.Compared with normal breast tissue,DCIS tissue showed a blue shift of 2-3 cm-1.The characteristic peak of nucleic acid had the blue shift from 1 086 cm-1 to 1 090 cm-1.Conclusion Raman spectra can discover the differences of the characteristic peaks of DNA and protein between DCIS and normal breast tissues,and SHINERS  can distinguish  breast DCIS  tissue from  normal tissue successfully.

Key words: breast neoplasms, Raman spectroscopy, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, ductal carcinoma in situ