Abstract:

Objective To discuss the effect of royal jelly acid （10-HDA） on the proliferation and migration of the human colon cancer SW620 cells based on the network pharmacology， and to clarify its related molecular mechanism. Methods The active ingredients such as 10-HDA and their corresponding targets were retrieved by using the keyword “royal jelly” from the Traditiomal Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology （TMSCP）Database and the Traditiomal Chinese Medicine Integrated Database （TCMID）； the small molecule targets were predicted by the Swiss Target Prediction Database.The GeneCards Database and the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man（OMIM） Database were used to obtain the targets with the keyword “Colon Cancer”；the protein-protein interaction （PPI） network was constructed by using the String Database and Cytoscape 3.8.0 Software to screen the core targets； the Gene Ontology （GO） function enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） signaling pathway enrichment analysis were analyzed by Metascape Database； the specific ingredient 10-HDA was screened for the in vitro activity experiments. The human colon cancer SW620 cells with good growth status were divided into control group and different doses （1， 5， 10， 15， and 20 mmol·L^－1） of 10-HDA groups. The viabilities of the cells in various groups were detected by MTT method and the survival rates of the cells were calculated. The SW620 cells were divided into control group， low dose （5 mmol·L^－1） of 10-HDA group， middle dose （10 mmol·L^－1） of 10-HDA group， and high dose （15 mmol·L^－1） of 10-HDA group； Hoechst33342 staining method was used to observe the morphology of the cells in various groups； cell scratch test was used to detect the scratch healing rates of the cells in various groups；flow cytometry was used to detect the percentages of the cells at different cell cycles in various groups； biochemical method was used to detect the activities of total antioxidant capacity （T-AOC） and superoxide dismutase （SOD） in the cells in various groups； Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax），cysteine-containing aspartate proteolytic enzyme-3 （Caspase-3）， cysteine-containing aspartate proteolytic enzyme-9 （Caspase-9）， glycogen synthase kinase 3β （GSK3β）， β-catenin， and cyclin D1 proteins in the cells in various groups. Results Six active ingredients of royal jelly were screened out by the TCMSP Database， and 28 core targets of 10-HDA in the treatment of colon cancer were obtained. The GO function enrichment analysis mainly included the signaling pathways such as cell proliferation and apoptosis. The KEGG signaling pathway enrichment analysis included the cell cycle， prostate cancer， cell senescence， and p53 signaling pathways； the GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway was closely related to the cell cycle. Compared with control group， the viabilities of the cells in 5，10，15， and 20 mmol·L^－110-HDA groups were decreased in a dose-dependent manner （P<0.05 or P<0.01）， the numbers of apoptotic cells in different doses of 10-HDA groups were significantly increased， and the scratch healing rates of the cells were significantly decreased （P<0.05 or P<0.01）； the percentages of the cells at S phase in middle and high doses of 10-HDA groups were significantly increased （P<0.05 or P<0.01），the activities of T-AOC and SOD in the cells in different doses of 10-HDA groups were significantly decreased （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. Compared with control group， the expression level of Bcl-2 protein in the cells in low dose of 10-HDA group was significantly decreased （P<0.01）， and the expression level of GSK3β protein was significantly increased （P<0.05）； compared with control group， the expression levels of Bax， Caspase-3， Caspase-9， and GSK3β proteins in the cells in middle and high doses of 10-HDA groups were significantly increased （P<0.05 or P<0.01）， and the expression levels of Bcl-2， β-catenin，and CyclinD1 proteins were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Conclusion 10-HDA can significantly inhibit the proliferation and migration of the colon cancer cells and promote the apoptosis and oxidation levels of the colon cancer cells，and its mechanism may be related to the activation of the GSK3β / β-catenin signaling pathway.

Key words: 10-Hydroxydec-2-enoic acid, Colon neoplasm, SW620 cells, Apoptosis, Glycogen synthase kinase 3β, β-catenin