表层岩溶系统水化学成因及植被恢复条件下变化趋势——以广西马山弄拉兰电堂泉为例

doi:10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.201501205

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

常见的碳酸盐岩主要有灰岩和白云岩, 两者的岩溶作用机理不同, 因而常形成不同的地貌格局。在我国西南地区, 若在小范围内有灰岩和白云岩出露时, 往往在山体陡峭的部位出露质纯层厚的灰岩, 而山间平原多出露白云岩。这种地层组合结构致使表层岩溶带的发育具有独特的双重岩性结构。基于兰电堂表层岩溶系统的研究, 发现绝大部分水样的水化学类型均为HCO₃-Ca·Mg型, 其主要阳离子Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺质量浓度的季节动态变化趋势不明显, 但对短期降水稀释效应及森林植被CO₂效应的响应则非常迅速。将降水量小且比较均匀的8、9、10及12月水样的ρ(Ca²⁺)和ρ(Mg²⁺)关系曲线定义为"同比例溶解线", 并用其判别不同降水条件下泉水化学成分差异的成因。另外, 为了研究次生森林生态功能逐步恢复条件下岩溶作用强度的变化趋势, 对近10年来弄拉表层岩溶泉水化学组分进行分析对比, 发现岩溶水化学中主要阴、阳离子浓度均有增加趋势, 也进一步佐证了森林植被的岩溶效应。

关键词: 表层岩溶带, 水化学成因, 同比例溶解线, 岩溶作用强度, 广西马山弄拉

Abstract:

Limestone and dolomite are common carbonate rocks. Because of their different karstification mechanism, the different landscape would be formed. In Southwest of China, dolomite locates on the different classes of karst basis level of erosion, while the pure limestone locates at upper the mountain. So, the epikarst zone has a duality structure because of the special strata combination. Based on the mornitoring to discharge and hydrochemistry of Landiantang epikarst spring, Nongla, Guangxi, it is found that the hydrochemical type of most water samples is HCO₃-Ca·Mg. The variation trend of the Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ is not very clear in seasonal timescale. But it is more sensitive to short-term precipitation dilution and CO₂ effect of forest vegetation."Equivaleng dissolution line"(EDL) is defined by the relationship between concentration of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺. In this paper, EDL can be used to distinguish the causes of the differences of spring hydrochemistry under different precipitation conditions. In addition, based on the analysis on nearly ten years data of the hydrochemistry and discharge data of Landiantang epikarst spring, it is shown that spring discharge and major ions concentration in karst water are all increased under the situation of vegetation restoration. All of above is further evidence of the vegetation effect in karst process.

Key words: epikarst zone, cause of water chemistry, equivaleng dissolution line, karstification intensity, Nongla, Mashan, Guangxi

中图分类号:

P641.134

康志强, 何师意, 罗允义. 表层岩溶系统水化学成因及植被恢复条件下变化趋势——以广西马山弄拉兰电堂泉为例[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2015, 45(1): 232-239.

Kang Zhiqiang, He Shiyi, Luo Yunyi. Cause and Change Trend of Water Chemistry of Epikarst System Under the Vegetation Restoration:A Case of Landiantang Epikarst Spring, Nongla, Mashan, Guangxi[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2015, 45(1): 232-239.

参考文献

[1] 刘再华. 表层岩溶带的水温特征及其与下部包气带的对比:以桂林岩溶水文地质试验场为例[J]. 中国岩溶, 1991, 10(4):277-282. Liu Zaihua. Characteristics of Water Temperature in Epikarst Zone and Its Comparison with That in Lower Aeration Zone[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 1991, 10(4):277-282.

[2] 蒋忠诚. 中国南方表层岩溶带的特征及形成机理[J]. 热带地理, 1998, 18(4):322-326. Jiang Zhongcheng. Features of Epikarst Zone in South China and Formation Mechanism[J]. Tropical Geography, 1998, 18(4):322-326.

[3] 蒋忠诚, 袁道先. 表层岩溶带的岩溶动力学特征及其环境和资源意义[J]. 地球学报, 1999, 20(3):302-308. Jiang Zhongcheng, Yuan Daoxian. Dynamics Features of the Epikarst Zone and Their Significance in Environments and Resources[J]. Acta Geoscientia Sinica, 1999, 20(3):302-308.

[4] 蒋忠诚, 王瑞江, 裴建国, 等. 我国南方表层岩溶带及其对岩溶水的调蓄功能[J]. 中国岩溶, 2001, 20(2):106-110. Jiang Zhongcheng, Wang Ruijiang, Pei Jianguo, et al. Epikarst Zone in South China and Its Regulation Function to Karst Water[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2001, 20(2):106-110.

[5] 姜光辉, 郭芳. 表层岩溶泉的水资源管理与开发工程设计[J]. 水文, 2008, 28(4):31-33. Jiang Guanghui, Guo Fang. Water Resources Management and Exploitation Design of Epikarst Spring[J]. Journal of China Hydrology, 2008, 28(4):31-33.

[6] 姜光辉, 郭芳. 我国西南岩溶区表层岩溶带的水文动态分析[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 2009, 36(5):89-93. Jiang Guanghui, Guo Fang. Hydrological Character of Epikarst in Southwest China[J].Hydrogeology & Engineering, 2009, 36(5):89-93.

[7] 姜光辉, 郭芳, 曹建华, 等. 峰丛洼地表层岩溶动力系统季节变化规律[J]. 地球科学:中国地质大学学报, 2003, 28(3):341-345. Jiang Guanghui, Guo Fang, Cao Jianhua, et al. Seasonal Change of Epi-Karst Dynamic System in Peak-Depression Area[J]. Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2003, 28(3):341-345.

[8] Michel B. Epikarst[M]//William B W, David C C. Encyclopedia of Caves. Amsterdam:Academic Press. 2012:284-288.

[9] 康志强, 袁道先, 常勇, 等. 岩溶碳汇的主控因子:水循环[J]. 吉林大学学报:地球科学版, 2011, 41(5):1542-1547. Kang Zhiqiang, Yuan Daoxian, Chang Yong, et al. The Main Controlling Factor of Karst Carbon Sequestration:About Water Cycle[J]. Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition, 2011, 41(5):1542-1547.

[10] Perrin J, Jeannin P Y, Zwahlen F. Epikarst Storage in a Karst Aquifer:A Conceptual Model Based on Isotopic Data, Milandre Test Site, Switzerland[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2003, 279(1/2/3/4):106-124.

[11] Zou Shengzhang, Deng Zhenping, Zhu Yuanfeng, et al. Hydrologic Features and Eco-Environmental Classification of Epikarst Springs in Luota, West of Hunan, China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2008, 15(4):190-197.

[12] Yang Rui, Liu Zaihua, Zeng Cheng, et al. Response of Epikarst Hydrochemical Changes to Soil CO₂ and Weather Conditions at Chenqi, Puding, SW China[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2012(468/469):151-158.

[13] Aquilina L, Ladouche B, D Rfliger N. Water Storage and Transfer in the Epikarst of Karstic Systems During High Flow Periods[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2006, 327(3/4):472-485.

[14] Liu Zaihua, Liu Xiangling, Liao Changjun. Daytime Deposition and Nighttime Dissolution of Calcium Carbonate Controlled by Submerged Plants in a Karst Spring-Fed Pool:Insights from High Time-Resolution Monitoring of Physico-Chemistry of Water[J]. Environmental Geology, 2008, 55(6):1159-1168.

[15] 袁道先. 碳循环与全球岩溶[J]. 第四纪研究, 1993, 13(1):1-6. Yuan Daoxian.Carbon Cycle and Global Karst[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 1993, 13(1):1-6.

[16] 周福俊, 李绪谦, 杜全友. 水文地球化学[M]. 长春:吉林大学出版社, 1993. Zhou Fujun, Li Xuqian, Du Quanyou. Hydrogeochemistry[M]. Changchun:Jilin University Press, 1993.

[17] Odum H T. Strontium in Natural Waters[J]. Pub-lications of the Institute of Marine Science, University of Texas, 1957, 4(2):22-37.

[18] Land M, Ingri J, Andersson P S, et al. Ba/Sr, Ca/Sr and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr Ratios in Soil Water and Groundwater:Implications for Relative Contributions to Stream Water Discharge[J]. Applied Geochemistry, 2000, 15(3):311-325.

[19] 石培礼, 李文华. 森林植被变化对水文过程和径流的影响效应[J]. 自然资源学报, 2001, 16(5):481-487. Shi Peili, Li Wenhua. Influence of Forest Cover Change on Hydrological Process and Watershed Runoff[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2001, 16(5):481-487.

[20] 陈军锋, 李秀彬. 森林植被变化对流域水文影响的争论[J]. 自然资源学报, 2001, 16(5):474-480. Chen Junfeng, Li Xiubin. The Impact of Forest Change on Watershed Hydrology:Discussing Some Controversies on Forest Hydrology[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2001, 16(5):474-480.

[21] 程根伟, 钟祥浩, 何毓成. 森林水文研究中的悖论及最新认识[J]. 大自然探索, 1996, 15(2):81-85. Chen Genwei, Zhong Xianghao, He Yucheng. The Review and Recent Progress in Forest-Hydrology[J]. Exploration of Nature, 1996, 15(2):81-85.

[22] 李伟民, 黄文辉. 森林对河川径流影响关系的研究进展[J]. 广东林业科技, 2007, 23(2):81-85. Li Weimin, Huang Wenhui. Literature Review of the Effect of Forests on River Run-Off[J]. Guangdong Forestry Science and Technology, 2007, 23(2):81-85.

[23] 魏晓华, 李文华, 周国逸, 等. 森林与径流关系:一致性和复杂性[J]. 自然资源学报, 2005, 20(5):761-770. Wei Xiaohua, Li Wenhua, Zhou Guoyi, et al. Forests and Streamflow:Consistence and Complexity[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2005, 20(5):761-770.

[24] 章程, 曹建华. 不同植被条件下表层岩溶泉动态变化特征对比研究:以广西马山县弄拉兰电堂泉和东旺泉为例[J]. 中国岩溶, 2003, 22(1):1-5. Zhang Cheng, Cao Jianhua. Seasonal and Diurnal Variation of Physic-Chemistry of Typical Epikarst Springs Under Different Vegetation:A Case Study of Landiantang Spring and Dongwang Spring at Nongla Village, Mashan County, Guangxi[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2003, 22(1):1-5.

[25] 李强, 孙海龙, 贺秋芳, 等. 自然降雨条件下岩溶区土壤钾、氮流失及其对泉水水化学的影响:以广西马山弄拉为例[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2006, 25(2):467-470. Li Qiang, Sun Hailong, He Qiufang, et al. Soil Loss of Phosphorus and Nitrogen Under Different Precipitation at Karst Area in Southwest China and Its Influence on Spring Hydrochemistry:A Case Study at Nongla, Mashan, China[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2006, 25(2):467-470.

[26] 沈照理, 朱宛华, 钟佐燊. 水文地球化学基础[M]. 北京:地质出版社, 1993. Shen Zhaoli, Zhu Wanhua, Zhong Zuoshen. Hydrogeochemistry[M]. Beijing:Geological Publishing House, 1993.

[27] 李强, 孙海龙, 韩军, 等. 降水对广西马山兰电堂泉水化学动态变化观测研究[J]. 水科学进展, 2006, 17(5):733-737. Li Qiang, Sun Hailong, Han Jun, et al. Effect of Precipitation on the Hydrochemical Variations in Landiantang Spring at Nongla, Mashan[J].China Advances in Water Science, 2006, 17(5):733-737.

[28] 邓新辉, 蒋忠诚, 吴孔运. 弄拉岩溶区次生林的生态水文效应[J]. 生态环境, 2007, 16(2):544-548. Deng Xinhui, Jiang Zhongcheng, Wu Kongyun. Eco-hydrological Effects of Secondary Forest in Nongla[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2007, 16(2):544-548.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed