淮南采煤沉陷区积水来源的氢氧稳定同位素证据

doi:10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.201505205

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

淮南是我国东部重要的能源基地,由于长期地下采煤,地表形成大面积的采煤沉陷区并积水,造成严重地质灾害。针对于此,部分学者提出利用采煤沉陷区建立"平原水库"解决周边地区干旱年份农田缺水问题的设想。然而,一方面,由于煤层上覆几百米厚的新生代沉积,采煤塌陷形成的沉陷裂隙是否沟通了不同含水层之间的水力联系,并因此改变了这个地区的地下水系统,成为区域水资源评价需要了解的一个重要科学问题;另一方面,建立"平原水库"需要有稳定的补给水源,采煤形成的沉陷裂隙如果沟通了地下不同深度含水层的水力联系,是否使地下水成为塌陷区除降雨外的重要补给来源,这就成为评价"平原水库"水资源潜力的重要参考依据。氢氧稳定同位素是示踪天然水体水来源的重要手段,笔者在淮南矿区采集了旱季和雨季的浅层地下水、河水、雨水、沉陷区的积水等不同水体的水样23件,分析了其氢氧稳定同位素组成并与深层地下水进行对比。结果表明:雨季和旱季,该地区采煤沉陷区积水的氢氧稳定同位素组成都非常接近大气降水的氢氧稳定同位素组成,而与深层地下水的氢氧稳定同位素组成相差较大,说明采煤沉陷区的积水来源主要是大气降水补给。采煤沉陷区的沉陷裂隙贯穿了整个新生代地层,使地表水发生下渗与在深部与深层地下水发生不同程度的混合,而深层地下水尚不是"平原水库"的稳定补给源。

关键词: 淮北平原, 采煤沉陷区, 水源, 氢氧稳定同位素

Abstract:

Huainan is an important energy base in Eastern China with a large coal mining subsidence area due to the underground mining. Groundwater aquifers may be broken by the subsidence cracks to become a critical source of subsidence area water. It means that the water cycle system may be damaged due to coal mining. To resolve this geological hazards, establishing "plain reservoir" was suggested by using coal mining subsidence areas. The "plain reservoir" may also solve water shortage during drought year. However, how to evaluate the potential water sources of the "plain reservoirs" is still an issue; and a stable water supply is another question as it is essential for "plain reservoirs". In order to find out whether the subsidence cracks have broken the groundwater system and whether groundwater is a stable source of the subsidence area water, we analyzed the water sources of subsidence areas. We collected 23 water samples from wells, rivers, rainfalls, wetlands and subsidence areas in Huainan mining area in dry and rainy seasons, and compared with the deep groundwater. The composition of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope is used to trace the source of water. The results show that the atmospheric precipitation is the main water source of subsidence areas. Deep groundwater is not a stable water source to "plain reservoirs"; although groundwater systems are broken by subsidence cracks at present, and surface water filters down and mixes with the deep groundwater.

Key words: Huaibei plain, coal mining subsidence area, source of water, hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope

中图分类号:

P641.6

张磊, 秦小光, 刘嘉麒, 穆燕, 安士凯, 陆春辉, 陈永春. 淮南采煤沉陷区积水来源的氢氧稳定同位素证据[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2015, 45(5): 1502-1514.

Zhang Lei, Qin Xiaoguang, Liu Jiaqi, Mu Yan, An Shikai, Lu Chunhui, Chen Yongchun. Characters of Hydrogen and Oxygen Stable Isotope of Different Water Bodies in Huainan Coal Mining Area[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2015, 45(5): 1502-1514.

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