吉林大学学报(地球科学版) ›› 2017, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (4): 990-1006.doi: 10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.201704103

• 地质与资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

准噶尔盆地莫索湾地区清水河组深层优质储层特征及其物性控制因素

高崇龙1,2, 纪友亮1,2, 靳军3, 王剑3, 任影1,2, 车世琦4, 王茹1,2, 桓芝俊1,2   

  1. 1. 中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院, 北京 102249;
    2. 中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与探测国家重点实验室, 北京 102249;
    3. 中国石油新疆油田分公司实验检测研究院, 新疆 克拉玛依 834000;
    4. 中石化重庆涪陵页岩气勘探开发有限公司, 重庆 408000
  • 收稿日期:2016-10-31 出版日期:2017-07-26 发布日期:2017-07-26
  • 通讯作者: 纪友亮(1962),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事沉积学、储层地质学研究,E-mail:jiyouliang@cup.edu.cn E-mail:jiyouliang@cup.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:高崇龙(1988),男,博士研究生,主要从事沉积学、储层地质学研究,E-mail:gaoyidaitianjiao1@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41672098);中国石油科技创新基金项目(2014D-5006-0101)

Characteristics and Controlling Factors on Physical Properties of Deep Buried Favorable Reservoirs of the Qingshuihe Formation in Muosuowan Area, Junggar Basin

Gao Chonglong1,2, Ji Youliang1,2, Jin Jun3, Wang Jian3, Ren Ying1,2, Che Shiqi4, Wang Ru1,2, Huan Zhijun1,2   

  1. 1. College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China;
    2. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China;
    3. Research Institute of Experiment and Detection, PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company, Karamay 834000, Xinjiang, China;
    4. Sinopec Chongqing Fuling Shale Gas Exploration and Development Co., LTD, Chongqing 408000, China
  • Received:2016-10-31 Online:2017-07-26 Published:2017-07-26
  • Supported by:
    Supported by National Natural Science Founding of China (41672098) and CNPC Innovation Foundation (2014D-5006-0101)

摘要: 为了明确准噶尔盆地腹部莫索湾地区清水河组储层特征及其成因,综合利用铸体薄片、扫描电镜、物性、X衍射等多种分析测试手段,并结合钻测井、地层测试资料及区域埋藏史、古地温、沉积体系等相关研究成果,详细分析了清水河组储层成岩作用特征及其物性控制因素,并在此基础上总结成岩模式。研究结果表明:清水河组储层具有低成分成熟度、高塑性岩屑含量及高结构成熟度的"一低两高"特征;尽管储层主体埋深在3 500 m以下,但储集空间仍以原生粒间孔为主,平均孔隙度为15.47%,平均渗透率可达226.6 mD,为典型的深层优质储层;储层成岩作用总体表现为"中压实中强压实、强溶蚀、弱胶结"的特征,尽管储层埋深较大,但成岩阶段整体仍处于中成岩A1亚期;区域连片的厚层辫状河三角洲前缘水下分流河道及河口坝中细砂岩及中粗砂岩是形成深层优质储层的基础,而成岩过程中储层物性保存主要受控于早期碳酸盐胶结抗压实、绿泥石包壳及后期酸性成岩流体条件下的溶蚀增孔作用;除上述沉积、成岩控制因素外,地层超压的存在使得储层在深埋条件下压实强度显著降低,是储层物性保存的关键,同时在储层成岩演化过程中及现今盆地不断降低的地温梯度也有效延缓了储层的成岩进程。

关键词: 准噶尔盆地, 莫索湾地区, 清水河组, 深层储层, 成岩特征, 物性控制因素

Abstract: For the aim of revealing deep-buried Qingshuihe Formation (K1q) reservoir characteristics and the factors governing reservoir quality, formation test and related researches of regional burial history, paleo-temperature and depositional system were analyzed by casting thin section, SEM, physical properties, X-ray diffraction of clay minerals, together with well drilling-logging data. And on the basis of these data, diagenetic model was proposed. The results demonstrate that K1q reservoir has a typical characteristic of low composition maturity, high plastic lithic content, and high textural maturity. Although buried mostly deeper than 3 500 m, the reservoir still has a mean porosity of 15.47% and mean permeability of 226.6 mD, and the main pore types are intergranular pores. So the Qingshuihe Formation is a typically favorable reservoir with deep buried depth. Moreover, the overall reservoir diagenesis is characterized by medium compaction, strong dissolution and weak cementation. Despite the deep buried depth, the diagenetic stage still belongs to the stage A1 of middle diagenesis phase. For the controlling factors on physical properties, the thick mid-fine sandstones and mid-coarse sandstones originated from underwater distributary channels or mouth bars of regionally distributed braided river delta are the basis for the formation of favorable reservoirs. While during the processes of diagenesis, physical properties are mainly controlled by compaction resistance from earlier carbonate cements, chlorite coats on detrital grains and dissolution attributed to acidic diagenetic fluid in later period. In addition to the sedimentary and diagenesis factors above, formation overpressure is the key factor in preservation of reservoir physical properties, significantly reducing the strength of compaction under the condition of deep burial depth. In the meantime, geothermal gradient continuously decreased during the processes of diagenesis and even at present, which resulting in the delying of diagenesis processes and preservation of physical properties.

Key words: Junggar basin, Mosuowan area, Qingshuihe Formation, deep buried reservoirs, diagenesis characteristic, physical properties controlling factors

中图分类号: 

  • P618.13
[1] 纪友亮,周勇,刘玉瑞,等. 高邮凹陷古近系阜宁组一段沉积特征对储层成岩作用及物性的影响[J]. 地质学报,2014,88(7):1299-1310. Ji Youliang, Zhou Yong, Liu Yurui, et al. The Impact of Sedimentary Characteristics on the Diagenesis and Reservoir Quality of the 1st Member of Paleogene Funing Formation in the Gaoyou Subbasin [J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2014, 88(7): 1299-1310.
[2] 李会军,吴泰然,吴波,等. 中国优质碎屑岩深层储层控制因素综述[J]. 地质科技情报,2004,23(4):76-82. Li Huijun, Wu Tairan, Wu Bo, et al. Distribution and Controlling Factors of High Quality Clastic Deeply Buried Reservoirs in China [J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2004, 23(4): 76-82.
[3] 黄洁,朱如凯,侯读杰,等. 深部碎屑岩储层次生孔隙发育机理研究进展[J]. 地质科技情报,2007,26(6):76-80. Huang Jie, Zhu Rukai, Hou Dujie, et al. The New Advances of Secondary Porosity Genesis Mechanism in Deep Clastic Reservoir [J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2007, 26(6): 76-80.
[4] 远光辉,操应长,贾珍臻,等. 含油气盆地中深层碎屑岩储层异常高孔带研究进展[J]. 天然气地球科学,2015,26(1):28-42. Yuan Guanghui, Cao Yingchang, Jia Zhenzhen, et al. Research Progress on Anomalously High Porosity Zones in Deeply Buried Clastic Reservoirs in Petroliferous Basin [J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2015, 26(1): 28-42.
[5] Berger A, Gier S, Krois P. Porosity-Preserving Chlorite Cements in Shallow-Marine Volcaniclastic Sandstones: Evidence from Cretaceous Sandstones of the Sawan Gas Field, Pakistan [J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2009, 93(5): 595-615.
[6] Ajdukiewicz J M, Nicholson P H, Esch W L. Prediction of Deep Reservoir Quality Using Early Diagenetic Process Models in the Jurassic Norphlet Formation, Gulf of Mexico [J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2010, 94(8): 1189-1227.
[7] 潘荣,朱筱敏,王星星,等. 深层有效碎屑岩储层形成机理研究进展[J]. 岩性油气藏,2014,26(4):73-80. Pan Rong, Zhu Xiaomin, Wang Xingxing, et al. Advancement on Formation Mechanism of Deep Effective Clastic Reservoir [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2014, 26(4): 73-80.
[8] 张义杰,柳广弟. 准噶尔盆地复合油气系统特征、演化与油气勘探方向[J]. 石油勘探与开发,2002,29(1):36-38. Zhang Yijie, Liu Guangdi. Characteristics and Evolution of Composite Petroleum Systems and the Exploration Strategy in Junggar Basin, Northwest China [J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2002, 29(1): 36-38.
[9] 陈萍,张玲,王惠民. 准噶尔盆地油气储量增长趋势与潜力分析[J]. 石油实验地质,2015,37(1):124-128. Chen Ping, Zhang Ling, Wang Huimin. Reserves Growth Trend and Potential Analysis of Junggar Basin [J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2015, 37(1): 124-128.
[10] 唐勇,孔玉华,盛建红,等. 准噶尔盆地腹部缓坡型岩性地层油气藏成藏控制因素分析[J]. 沉积学报,2009,27(3):567-571. Tang Yong, Kong Yuhua, Sheng Jianhong, et al. Controlling Factors of Reservoir Formation in Ramp-Type Lithostratigraphic Reservoir in Hinterland of Junggar Basin [J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2009, 27(3): 567-571.
[11] 况军,何登发,张年富,等. 准噶尔盆地莫索湾凸起油气成藏模式[J]. 中国石油勘探,2005,1:40-45. Kuang Jun, He Dengfa, Zhang Nianfu, et al. Oil and Gas Migration and Accumulation Pattern of Mosuowan Uplift in Junggar Basin [J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2005, 1: 40-45.
[12] 操应长,远光辉,王艳忠,等. 准噶尔盆地北三台地区清水河组低渗透储层成因机制[J]. 石油学报,2012,33(5):758-769. Cao Yingchang, Yuan Guanghui, Wang Yanzhong, et al. Genetic Mechanisms of Low Permeability Reservoirs of Qingshuihe Formation in Beisantai Area, Junggar Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2012, 33(5): 758-769.
[13] 徐国盛,张平,徐芳艮,等. 准噶尔盆地车排子地区吐谷鲁群储层成岩作用与孔隙演化[J]. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2015,42(5):513-520. Xu Guosheng, Zhang Ping, Xu Fanggen, et al. Diagenesis and Pore Evolution of Cretaceous Tugulu Group Reservoir in Chepaizi Area, Junggar Basin, China [J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science & Technology Edition), 2015, 42(5): 513-520.
[14] 马明福,管守锐,徐怀民,等. 准噶尔盆地陆东地区白垩系储层特征及其主控因素[J]. 石油大学学报(自然科学版),2003,27(3):22-25. Ma Mingfu, Guan Shourui, Xu Huaimin, et al. Basic Feachers and Controlling Factors for Cretaceous Reservoir in Ludong Area of Junggar Basin [J]. Journal of the University of Petroleum, China (Edition of Natural Science),2003,27(3):22-25.
[15] 纪友亮,周勇,况军,等. 准噶尔盆地车-莫古隆起形成演化及对沉积相的控制作用[J]. 中国科学:地球科学,2010, 42(10): 1342-1355. Ji Youliang, Zhou Yong, Kuang Jun, et al. The Formation and Evolution of Chepaizi-Mosuowan Paleo-Uplift and Its Control on the Distributions of Sedimentary Facies in the Junggar Basin [J]. Science China: Earth Science,2010,53:818-831.
[16] 高崇龙,纪友亮,任影,等. 准噶尔盆地莫索湾地区白垩系清水河组沉积演化与有利砂体展布[J]. 古地理学报,2015,17(6):813-828. Gao Chonglong, Ji Youliang, Ren Ying, et al. Sedimentary Evolution and Favorable Sandbody Distribution of the Cretaceous Qingshuihe Formation in Mosuowan Area, Junggar Basin [J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2015, 17(6): 813-828.
[17] 谷云飞,马明福,苏世龙,等. 准噶尔盆地白垩系岩相古地理[J]. 石油实验地质,2003,25(4):337-342. Gu Yunfei, Ma Mingfu, Su Shilong, et al. Lithofacies Paleogeography of the Cretaceous in the Junggar Basin [J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2003, 25(4): 337-342.
[18] 斯春松,王海东,唐勇,等. 准噶尔盆地腹部白垩系清水河组清一段高分辨率层序地层特征及岩性油气藏预测[J]. 东华理工学院学报,2005,28(4):329-333. Si Chunsong, Wang Haidong, Tang Yong, et al. High-Resolution Sequence Stratigraphic Characteristic and Lithological Reservoir Prediction of Section of Qingshuihe Formation in the Central of Junggar Basin [J]. Journal of East China Institute of Technology, 2005, 28(4): 329-333.
[19] 高崇龙,纪友亮,任影,等. 准噶尔盆地石南地区清水河组沉积层序演化分析[J]. 中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(5):958-971. Gao Chonglong, Ji Youliang, Ren Ying, et al. Sedimentary Sequence Evolution Analysis of Qingshuihe Formation in Shinan Area of Junggar Basin [J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 2016, 45(5): 958-971.
[20] 纪友亮. 油气储层地质学[M]. 北京:石油工业出版社,2015:73-80. Ji Youliang. Hydrocarbon Reservoir Geology [M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2015:73-80.
[21] 陈波,王子天,康莉,等. 准噶尔盆地玛北地区三叠系百口泉组储层成岩作用及孔隙演化[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2016,46(1):23-35. Chen Bo, Wang Zitian, Kang Li, et al. Diagenesis and Pore Evolution of Triassic Basikouquan Formation in Mabei Region, Junggar Basin[J]. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 2016, 46(1): 23-35.
[22] 赵海玲,王成,刘振文,等. 火山岩储层斜长石选择性溶蚀的岩石学特征和热力学条件[J]. 地质通报,2009,28(4):412-419. Zhao Hailing, Wang Cheng, Liu Zhenwen, et al. Characteristics of Petrology and Thermodynamics of Selective Dissolution of Plagioclase in Volcanic Reservoir Rocks [J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2009, 28(4): 412-419.
[23] 操应长,贾艳聪,王艳忠,等. 渤南洼陷北带沙四上亚段储层成岩流体演化[J]. 现代地质,2014,28(1):197-207. Cao Yingchang, Jia Yancong, Wang Yanzhong, et al. Diagenetic Fluid Evolution of Reservoir in Es4s in the North Zone of the Bonan Sag [J]. Geoscience, 2014,28(1):197-207.
[24] 邱隆伟,潘耀. 柯克亚凝析气田石英的溶解现象及其成因[J]. 矿物学报,2005,25(2):183-189. Qiu Longwei, Pan Yao. A Study on Direct Dissolution of Quartz and Its Genesis in the Kekeya Gas Condensate [J]. Acta Mineralogica Sinica, 2005, 25(2): 183-189.
[25] Blatt H, Middleton G, Murray R. The Origin of Sedimentary Rocks [M]. 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall Inc, 1980:332-362.
[26] 祝海华,钟大康,姚泾利,等. 碱性环境成岩作用及对储集层孔隙的影响:以鄂尔多斯盆地长7段致密砂岩为例[J]. 石油勘探与开发,2015,42(1):51-59. Zhu Haihua, Zhong Dakang, Yao Jingli, et al. Alkaline Diagenesis and Its Effects on Reservoir Porosity: A Case Study of Upper Triassic Chang 7 Tight Sandstones in Ordos Basin, NW China [J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2015, 42(1): 51-59.
[27] Surdam R C, Boese S W, Crossey L J. The Chemistry of Secondary Porosity[J]. AAPG Memoir, 1984, 37(2): 183-200.
[28] 季汉成,徐珍. 深部碎屑岩储层溶蚀作用实验模拟研究[J]. 地质学报,2007,81(2):212-219. Ji Hancheng, Xu Zhen. Experimental Simulation for Dissolution in Clastic Reservoirs of the Deep Zone [J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2007, 81(2): 212-219.
[29] 刘金库,彭军,刘建军,等. 绿泥石环边胶结物对致密砂岩孔隙的保存机制:以川中—川南过渡带包界地区须家河组储层为例[J]. 石油与天然气地质,2009,30(1):53-58. Liu Jinku, Peng Jun, Liu Jianjun, et al. Pore-Preserving Mechanism of Chlorite Rims in Tight Sanstone: An Example from T3x Formation of Baojie Area in the Transitional Zone from the Central to Southern Sichuan Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2009, 30(1): 53-58.
[30] 谢武仁,杨威,赵杏媛,等. 川中地区须家河组绿泥石对储集层物性的影响[J]. 石油勘探与开发,2010,37(6):674-678. Xie Wuren, Yang Wei, Zhao Xingyuan, et al. Influences of Chlorite on Reservoir Physical Properties of the Xuejiahe Formation in the Central Part of Sichuan Basin [J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2010, 37(6): 674-678.
[31] 田建峰,喻建,张庆洲. 孔隙衬里绿泥石的成因及对储层性能的影响[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2014,44(3):741-748. Tian Jianfeng, Yu Jian, Zhang Qingzhou. The Pore-Lining Chlorite Formation Mechanism and Its Contribution to Reservoir Quality [J]. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 2014, 44(3): 741-748.
[32] Ehrenberg S N. Preservation of Anomalously High Porosity in Deeply Buried Sandstones by Chlorite Rims: Examples from the Norwegian Continental [J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1993, 77: 1260-1286.
[33] 周瑶琪,周振柱,陈勇,等. 东营凹陷民丰地区深部储层成岩环境变化研究[J]. 地学前缘,2011,28(2):268-276. Zhou Yaoqi, Zhou Zhenzhu, Chen Yong, et al. Research on Diagenetic Environmental Changes of Deep Reservoir in Minfeng Area, Dongying Sag [J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2011, 18(2): 268-276.
[34] Chilingar G V, Serebryakov V A, Robertson J O. Origin and Prediction of Abnormal Formation Pressure[M]. Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, 2002: 123-150.
[35] 何生,何治亮,杨智,等. 准噶尔盆地腹部侏罗系超压特征和测井响应以及成因[J]. 地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2009,34(3):457-470. He Sheng, He Zhiliang, Yang Zhi, et al. Characteristics, Well-Log Responses and Mechanisms of Overpressure Within the Jurassic Formation in the Central Part of Junggar Basin [J]. Earth Science: Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2009, 34(3): 457-470.
[36] 金振奎,苏奎,苏妮娜. 准噶尔盆地腹部侏罗系深部优质储层成因[J]. 石油学报,2011,32(1):25-31. Jin Zhenkui, Su Kui, Su Nina. Origin of Jurassic Deep Burial High-Quality Reservoirs in the Central Junggar Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2011, 32(1): 25-31.
[37] 邱楠生. 中国西部地区沉积盆地热演化和成烃史分析[J]. 石油勘探与开发,2002,29(1):6-8. Qiu Nansheng. Thermal Evaluation and Hydrocarbon Generation History of the Sedimentary Basins in Western China [J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2002, 29(1): 6-8.
[38] 寿建峰,张惠良,沈杨,等. 中国油气盆地砂岩储层的成岩压实机制分析[J]. 岩石学报,2006,22(8):2165-2170. Shou Jianfeng, Zhang Huiliang, Shen Yang, et al. Diagenetic Mechanism of Sandstone Reservoirs in China Oil and Gas-Bearing Basins [J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2006, 22(8): 2165-2170.
[39] 蔡希源,刘传虎. 准噶尔盆地腹部地区油气成藏的主控因素[J]. 石油学报,2005,26(5):1-4. Cai Xiyuan, Liu Chuanhu. Main Factors for Controlling Formation of Oil Gas Reservoir in Central Part of Junggar Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2005, 26(5): 1-4.
[1] 马德龙, 何登发, 魏东涛, 王彦君, 魏彩茹. 准噶尔盆地南缘古牧地背斜多期构造变形特征[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2017, 47(6): 1695-1704.
[2] 孙靖, 宋永, 王仕莉, 薛晶晶, 贾开富, 常秋生. 准噶尔盆地深层致密油储层特征及致密化成因——以莫索湾-莫北地区侏罗系八道湾组为例[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2017, 47(1): 25-33.
[3] 王璞珺, 缴洋洋, 杨凯凯, 张增宝, 边伟华. 准噶尔盆地火山岩分类研究与应用[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2016, 46(4): 1056-1070.
[4] 杜小弟, 李锋, 邱海峻, 李昭, 徐银波. 准东博格达山山前带二叠系芦草沟组重油的发育特征及其指示意义[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2016, 46(2): 368-378.
[5] 陈波, 王子天, 康莉, 张顺存, 史基安. 准噶尔盆地玛北地区三叠系百口泉组储层成岩作用及孔隙演化[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2016, 46(1): 23-35.
[6] 高帅, 马世忠, 庞雄奇, 巩磊, 陈昶旭, 高昂, 秦旗. 准噶尔盆地腹部侏罗系油气成藏主控因素定量分析及有利区预测[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2016, 46(1): 36-45.
[7] 何辉, 孔垂显, 蒋庆平, 邓西里, 肖芳伟, 李顺明. 准噶尔盆地西北缘二叠系火山岩储层裂缝发育特征及分布预测—以金龙2井区佳木河组为例[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2015, 45(5): 1278-1288.
[8] 董大伟, 李理, 王晓蕾, 赵利. 准噶尔盆地西缘车排子凸起构造演化及断层形成机制[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2015, 45(4): 1132-1141.
[9] 陈欢庆, 梁淑贤, 舒治睿, 邓晓娟, 彭寿昌. 冲积扇砾岩储层构型特征及其对储层开发的控制作用——以准噶尔盆地西北缘某区克下组冲积扇储层为例[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2015, 45(1): 13-24.
[10] 张家政,崔金栋,杨荣国. 准噶尔盆地红山嘴油田石炭系火山岩裂缝储层特征[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2012, 42(6): 1629-1637.
[11] 刘洛夫, 孟江辉, 王维斌, 靳军, 吴琳, 赵彦德, 王萍, 支东明. 准噶尔盆地西北缘车排子凸起上、下层系原油的地球化学特征差异及其意义[J]. J4, 2011, 41(2): 377-390.
[12] 史长林, 纪友亮, 李清山, 刘德宏. 包裹体测温恢复剥蚀厚度新方法在准噶尔盆地车-莫古隆起的应用[J]. J4, 2011, 41(1): 64-70.
[13] 张利萍, 陈轩, 张昌民, 张尚锋. 河流相层序地层及岩性油气藏油气富集规律--以准噶尔盆地红29三维工区为例[J]. J4, 2010, 40(5): 1004-1013.
[14] 王璞珺, 印长海, 朱如凯, 闫林, 边伟华, 黄玉龙, 吴颜雄. 中基性火山作用喷出物类型、特征与成因[J]. J4, 2010, 40(3): 469-481.
[15] 孙永河,吕延防,付晓飞,杨典栋. 准噶尔盆地南缘褶皱冲断带断裂输导石油效率评价[J]. J4, 2008, 38(3): 430-0436.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!