滨海盐碱地区包气带中淡水透镜体维持机理

doi:10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.201601203

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

大气降水是滨海盐碱地区浅层地下水的重要补给来源。滨海地区浅层地下水多为咸水且埋藏较浅,在不同包气带岩性渗透性差异下,在大气降水入渗补给过程中,一定时间内潜水面以上一定范围内存在淡水分布,即淡水透镜体,它能局部隔离地下咸水对上层土壤和植物的危害,并在一定程度上供给植物吸收利用。采用自制的室内物理模拟装置,通过控制土层结构,模拟了大气降水入渗补给条件下包气带中淡水透镜体的形成与消退过程,探讨了不同土壤类型中淡水透镜体的维持情况;并利用吸水管模拟客土上所种植物根系吸水,研究了不同吸水量条件下土壤中淡水透镜体的变化规律。结果表明:上层中砂、底层粉砂质黏土的双层土体结构中,淡水透镜体的维持性最好,在降水入渗补给条件下,透镜体形成时间在1500 min左右可达最大厚度(约15 cm),若补给源消失,透镜体完全消退需7500 min,能较长时间地阻隔地下咸水;双层土中模拟形成的稳定淡水透镜体在无补给条件下,能够隔离地下咸水的同时亦能为上层植物提供243.5 mL淡水资源。

关键词: 滨海盐碱地区, 浅层地下水, 包气带, 淡水透镜体, 室内模拟实验

Abstract:

Rainfall recharge is an important source for the shallow groundwater of coastal saline areas. The depth of saline groundwater level is shallow. In the process of precipitation infiltration into the soil at different permeability in vadose zones, freshwater lens will be formed above phreatic surface at a certain time. The freshwater lens can partially stop the soil and plants from being damaged by the underground salt water, and supply plants with water to some extent. The authors made an indoor physical simulator for this study. By controlling soil structure, the formation and regression process of freshwater lens under precipitation infiltration was simulated; and the maintenance of freshwater lens in different type of soil was discussed. Also, by using suction pipe to simulate the plant roots water absorption, the changes of freshwater lens were observed under different water absorption conditions. The results showed that the freshwater lens maintained the best in the soil structure where the upper layer was medium sand and the bottom layer was silty clay. The freshwater lens reached maximum thickness at about 15 cm in 1500 min and maintained about 7500 min. The stable freshwater lens formed in the double layers soil could separate the underground salt water, and provide 243.5 mL freshwater for the plants above.

Key words: coastal saline area, shallow groundwater, vadose zone, freshwater lens, laboratory simulation experiment

中图分类号:

P641.69

赵林, 莫惠婷, 郑义. 滨海盐碱地区包气带中淡水透镜体维持机理[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2016, 46(1): 195-201.

Zhao Lin, Mo Huiting, Zheng Yi. Maintenance Mechanism of Freshwater Lens in Vadose Zone on Coastal Saline Areas[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2016, 46(1): 195-201.

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