Abstract:  This review aims to elucidate the synergistic mechanisms, influential factors, and remediation potential of combined biochar-microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology for addressing complex contamination in farmland soils. Recent studies were systematically analyzed to compare the physicochemical properties of biochar and the microbial mineralization pathways of MICP, assess their respective stabilization mechanisms for pollutants, and evaluate the performance and environmental implications of their combined application under different contamination scenarios. Biochar immobilizes pollutants via adsorption, complexation, and pH regulation, but its long-term stability is constrained by environmental aging. MICP achieves durable heavy-metal stabilization through carbonate precipitation and lattice incorporation, yet suffers from slow reaction rates and environmental sensitivity. Their combination produces notable synergistic effects: biochar serves as a microbial carrier and pollutant enrichment matrix to enhance urease activity and carbonate formation, while MICP-generated mineral layers reinforce biochar stability. The joint system reduces pollutant mobility and improves soil microbial diversity and enzymatic activity. However, issues such as ammonia accumulation, pore clogging, and uncertain long-term ecological impacts remain unresolved. The biochar-MICP combined approach integrates rapid adsorption with durable mineral stabilization, offering a promising strategy for farmland soil remediation. Future research should focus on microbial engineering, cost-effective calcium sources, targeted biochar modification, multi-process collaborative remediation systems, and long-term ecological risk assessment.

Key words:  , microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP), biochar, contaminated farmland soil, combined remediation technology