汽车涉水车身表面污染仿真及控制

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20180403

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对汽车涉水时车身表面污染的问题，选取改型方背式米拉模型为研究对象，利用DPM离散相模型和欧拉壁面液膜模型相结合，得到液滴运动的轨迹和车身表面污染的分布，并分析车身表面污染产生的机理。在原模型基础上，提出增加车尾底部扰流板、车尾顶部导流片和轮罩护板3种改良方案，以此改变流场结构从而改变液滴的运动轨迹，减轻车身表面污染程度。仿真结果表明：车尾顶部导流片能够较好地控制气流走向，从而减弱特定区域污染程度；底部扰流板改变了尾流形状，减小车身背部污染面积；轮罩护板减少轮腔中飞出的液滴数，有效减少了车身侧壁污染。

关键词: 汽车空气动力学, 车轮溅水, DPM模型, 欧拉壁面液膜, 车身表面污染

Abstract:

This research aims to solve the problems of vehicle soiling during wading and a modified square-back MIRA model is selected as the research object. The discrete phase model and Eulerian wall film are used to obtain the droplet trajectory and vehicle surface pollution distribution and to analyze the mechanism of surface contamination. Based on the original model, three improvements were proposed, the bottom spoiler, top tail deflector and wheel house shield, to change the structure of the flow field so as to change the droplet trajectory and reduce the surface contamination of the vehicle body. Simulation results show that the top tail deflector can better control the flow direction, thereby reducing the degree of contamination in a specific area. The bottom spoiler changes the shape of the wake and reduces the contamination of the back surface. The wheel house shield reduces the number of droplets flying out of the wheel cavity, effectively reducing body side wall contamination.

Key words: automotive aerodynamics, wheel splash and spray, discrete phase model, eulerian wall film, vehicle soiling

中图分类号:

U461.1

辛俐,兰巍,刘江,万沁林,郭鹏,胡兴军,肖阳. 汽车涉水车身表面污染仿真及控制[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2019, 49(6): 1786-1794.

Li XIN,Wei LAN,Jiang LIU,Qin-lin WAN,Peng GUO,Xing-jun HU,Yang XIAO. Simulation and control of pollution on automobile body surface during wading[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2019, 49(6): 1786-1794.

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区域	污染像素数	总像素数	R _p
Z ₁	1 092	103 504	0.011
Z ₂	45 316	169 803	0.267
Z	46 408	273 307	0.170
Y ₁	1 138	103 503	0.011
Y ₂	42 252	169 807	0.249
Y	43 390	273 310	0.159
H ₁	16 399	131 438	0.125
H ₂	12 547	46 734	0.268
H ₃	3 425	25 953	0.132
H	44 455	305 036	0.146

区域	污染像素	总像素数	改型R _p	基础R _p	ΔR _p	ΔR _p/%
Z ₁	1 082	103 504	0.010	0.011	-0.000	-0.92
Z ₂	35 877	169 803	0.211	0.267	-0.056	-20.83
Z	36 959	273 307	0.135	0.170	-0.035	-20.36
Y ₁	1 147	103 503	0.011	0.011	0.000	0.79
Y ₂	35 699	169 807	0.210	0.249	-0.039	-15.51
Y	36 846	273 310	0.135	0.159	-0.024	-15.09
H ₁	6 038	131 438	0.046	0.125	-0.079	-63.18
H ₂	11 092	46 734	0.237	0.268	-0.031	-11.60
H ₃	1 021	25 953	0.039	0.132	-0.093	-70.19
H	26 881	305 036	0.088	0.146	-0.058	-39.53

区域	污染像素	总像素数	改型R _p	基础R _p	ΔR _p	ΔR _p/%
Z ₁	1 423	103 504	0.014	0.011	0.003	30.31
Z ₂	46 784	169 803	0.276	0.267	0.009	3.24
Z	48 207	273 307	0.176	0.170	0.006	3.88
Y ₁	1 255	103 503	0.012	0.011	0.001	10.28
Y ₂	45 434	169 807	0.268	0.249	0.019	7.53
Y	46 689	273 310	0.171	0.159	0.012	7.60
H ₁	12 052	131 438	0.092	0.125	-0.033	-26.51
H ₂	12 996	46 734	0.278	0.268	0.010	3.58
H ₃	4 939	25 953	0.190	0.132	0.058	44.20
H	53 592	305 036	0.176	0.146	0.030	20.55

区域	污染像素	总像素数	改型R _p	基础R _p	ΔR _p	ΔR _p/%
Z ₁	1 580	103 504	0.015	0.011	0.005	44.69
Z ₂	22 244	169 803	0.131	0.267	-0.136	-50.91
Z	23 824	273 307	0.087	0.170	-0.083	-48.66
Y ₁	1 597	103 503	0.015	0.011	0.004	40.33
Y ₂	21 917	169 807	0.129	0.249	-0.120	-48.13
Y	23 514	273 310	0.086	0.159	-0.073	-45.81
H ₁	25 327	131 438	0.193	0.125	0.068	54.44
H ₂	16 977	46 734	0.363	0.268	0.095	35.31
H ₃	4 750	25 953	0.183	0.132	0.051	38.69
H	67 975	305 036	0.223	0.146	0.077	52.91

模型	正投影/m2	阻力值/N	阻力系数
基础型	1.848	168.93	0.302
底部扰流板	1.848	178.04	0.319
顶部导流片	1.884	206.62	0.362
轮罩护板	1.858	170.02	0.302