交能融合背景下电动公交充电设施配置与车辆调度优化研究综述

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20250384

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在碳中和背景下，交通与能源系统的融合发展已成为推动城市绿色低碳转型的重要路径。本文基于交能融合视角，探讨了智能电网与电动公交基础设施之间、以及公交用能与电网供能之间的协同优化的关键技术与实施路径。系统梳理了国内外电动公交发展面临的主要问题及研究进展，重点针对多元化充电模式，深入探讨了考虑电网限制的充电设施配置优化方法及其对应的公交调度策略。在此基础上，结合车网互动（Vehicle-to-Grid，V2G）技术发展，分析了电动公交充放电协同调度策略，并对“光储充”一体化公交车站的运营优化进行了调研。最后，展望了未来交通-能源融合的发展趋势，为城市电动公交系统的可持续发展提供了理论参考与实践指导。

关键词: 电动公交, 充电设施配置, 车辆调度, V2G技术, 新能源消纳

Abstract:

Under the carbon neutrality framework， the integrated development of transportation and energy systems has emerged as a critical pathway to facilitate urban green and low-carbon transformation. Adopting a transport-energy integration perspective， this paper investigates key technologies and implementation approaches for synergistic optimization between smart grids and eg.electric bus （e-bus） infrastructure， as well as between bus energy consumption and grid power supply. The study systematically reviews major challenges and research advancements in global e-bus development， with particular emphasis on diversified charging modes. It provides an in-depth analysis of charging infrastructure configuration optimization methods considering grid constraints and their corresponding bus scheduling strategies. Building upon the development of Vehicle-to-Grid （V2G） technology， the paper examines coordinated charging-discharging scheduling strategies for e-buses and evaluates operational optimization approaches for integrated photovoltaic-energy storage-charging （PV-ES-C） bus stations. Finally， the study outlines future trends in transport-energy integration， offering both theoretical references and practical guidance for sustainable development of urban e-bus systems.

Key words: electric public transportation, charging infrastructure configuration, vehicle scheduling strategy, V2G technology, renewable energy accommodation

中图分类号:

U492.22

安琨,周翔宇,马万经. 交能融合背景下电动公交充电设施配置与车辆调度优化研究综述[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2026, 56(3): 639-652.

Kun AN,Xiang-yu ZHOU,Wan-jing MA. Review on charging infrastructure planning and vehicle scheduling for electric buses under transport⁃energy integration policy[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2026, 56(3): 639-652.

图/表 5

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

参考文献 87

[1]	国务院办公厅. 国务院办公厅关于印发新能源汽车产业发展规划(2021—2035年)的通知(国办发(2020)39号)[R], 北京: 国务院办公厅, 2020.
	General Office of the State Council. Notice on Issuing the Development Plan for the New Energy Vehicle Industry (2021-2035) (No. 39 [2020]) [R]. Beijing: General Office of the State Council, 2020.
[2]	交通运输部, 财政部. 新能源城市公交车及动力电池更新补贴实施细则(交运函(2024)390号)[R]. 北京: 交通运输部, 财政部, 2024.
	Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China, Ministry of Finance of the People's Republic of China. Implementation Rules for Subsidies on the Renewal of New Energy Urban Public Transport Vehicles and Power Batteries (Jiao Yun Han No. 390 [2024]) [R]. Beijing: Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Finance, 2024.
[3]	上海市道路运输管理局. 上海市道路运输行业“十四五”发展规划(沪道运规(2021)286号)[R]. 2021.
	Shanghai Municipal Road Transport Administration. Development Plan for the Road Transport Industry in Shanghai During the 14th Five-Year Period (2021-2025) (Hudao Yun Gui No. 286 [2021]) [R]. Shanghai: Shanghai Municipal Road Transport Administration, 2021.
[4]	Cullen D A, Neyerlin K C, Ahluwalia R K, et al. New roads and challenges for fuel cells in heavy-duty transportation[J]. Nature energy, 2021, 6(5): 462-474.
[5]	Hardman S. Understanding the impact of reoccurring and non-financial incentives on plug-in electric vehicle adoption—a review[J]. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 2019, 119: 1-14.
[6]	Liu X, Liu X C, Liu Z, et al. A solar-powered bus charging infrastructure location problem under charging service degradation[J]. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2023, 119: 103770.
[7]	Yao S, Wang P, Zhao T. Transportable energy storage for more resilient distribution systems with multiple microgrids[J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2018, 10(3): 3331-3341.
[8]	Aghdam F H, Mudiyanselage M W, Mohammadi-Ivatloo B, et al. Optimal scheduling of multi-energy type virtual energy storage system in reconfigurable distribution networks for congestion management[J]. Applied Energy, 2023, 333: 120569.
[9]	He Y, Liu Z, Song Z. Integrated charging infrastructure planning and charging scheduling for battery electric bus systems[J]. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2022, 111: 103437.
[10]	Yang X, Liu J, Zhuge C, et al. Exploring the potential of sharing private charging posts: A data-driven micro-simulation approach[J]. Sustainable Cities and Society, 2024, 100: 105053.
[11]	创元期货股份有限公司. 铜专题-电力需求对电网的影响——新能源汽车篇[EB/OL]. 南京: 创元期货股份有限公司, 2024.(2024-11-08)[2025-04-30].
	Chuangyuan Futures Co., Ltd., Copper Sector Analysis: Impact of Power Demand on Power Grid-New Energy Vehicle Sector[EB/OL]. Nanjing: Chuangyuan Futures Co., Ltd., 2024. (2024-11-08)[2025-04-30].
[12]	王玉生, 罗欣欣, 单香琦. 电动公交车队置换与充电设施布局协同优化[J]. 中国公路学报, 2024, 37: 72-83
	Wang Yu-sheng, Luo Xin-xin, Xiang Qi-Shan. Collaborative optimization of electric bus fleet replacement and charging facility layout [J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2024, 37: 72-83
[13]	熊杰, 甘凯伦, 李同飞,等. 电动公交车队规模与充电桩配置协同优化[J]. 交通运输工程与信息学报, 2024, 22: 95-110
	Xiong Jie, Gan Kai-lun, Li Tong-fei, et al. Collaborative optimization of electric bus fleet size and charger deployment[J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering and Information, 2024, 22: 95-110
[14]	Zhou Y, Ong G P, Meng Q, et al. Electric bus charging facility planning with uncertainties: Model formulation and algorithm design[J]. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 2023, 150: 104108.
[15]	Wang Y, Chen J, Tang T, et al. A holistic approach to multi-depot electric bus scheduling for energy saving considering limitations in charging facilities [J]. Energy, 2024, 303: 131880.
[16]	Esmaeilnejad S, Kattan L, Wirasinghe S C. Optimal charging station locations and durations for a transit route with battery-electric buses: A two-stage stochastic programming approach with consideration of weather conditions[J]. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 2023, 156:104327.
[17]	An K. Battery electric bus infrastructure planning under demand uncertainty[J]. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 2020, 111: 572-87.
[18]	Zhang M, Yang M, Gao Y. Tripartite evolutionary game and simulation analysis of electric bus charging facility sharing under the governmental reward and punishment mechanism[J]. Energy, 2024, 307:132783.
[19]	Hu X, Lei H, Deng D, et al. A two-stage approach to siting electric bus charging stations considering future-current demand[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2024, 434:132783.
[20]	Wang W, Yu B, Zhou Y. A real-time synchronous dispatching and recharging strategy for multi-line electric bus systems[J]. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 2024, 185: 103516.
[21]	Jia Z, An K, Ma W. Utilizing electric bus depots for public Charging: Operation strategies and benefit analysis[J]. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2024, 130: 104155.
[22]	Liu X, Liu X, Zhang X, et al. Optimal location planning of electric bus charging stations with integrated photovoltaic and energy storage system[J]. Computer‐Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, 2023, 38(11): 1424-1446.
[23]	姚志力, 江斌开, 龚春阳, 等. 计及电动汽车充电负荷特性的区域多能源站规划设计 [J]. 电网技术, 2022, 46: 3304-3318
	Yao Zhi-li, Jiang Bin-kai, Gong Chun-yang, et al. Planning and design of regional multi-energy stations considering electric vehicle charging load characteristics[J]. Power System Technology, 2022, 46: 3304-3318
[24]	肖白, 朱珈汛, 姜卓,等. 考虑车辆充电调度机制的电动公交车充电站规划[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2022, 42: 148-155
	Xiao Bai, Zhu Jia-xun, Zhuo Ang, et al. Planning of electric bus charging station considering vehicle charging scheduling mechanism[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2022, 42: 148-155
[25]	Bie Y, Qin W, Wu J. Optimal electric bus scheduling method under hybrid energy supply mode of photovoltaic-energy storage system-power grid[J]. Applied Energy, 2024, 372: 123774.
[26]	Li Y, Li X, Zhang C, et al. Optimizing the photovoltaic-assisted electric bus network with rooftop energy supply[J]. Renewable Energy, 2024, 234:121244.
[27]	Liu X, Plötz P, Yeh S, et al. Transforming public transport depots into profitable energy hubs[J]. Nature Energy, 2024, 9(10): 1206-1219.
[28]	Kapatsila B, Grisé E, Crumley M, et al. Empirical analysis of battery-electric bus transit operations in Portland, OR, USA[J]. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2024, 128:104120.
[29]	刘昊翔, 吴啊峰, 龙建成,等. 基于列生成启发式的单线电动公交车与司机整合调度优化[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2021, 21: 211-220
	Liu Hao-xiang, Wu A-feng, Long Jian-cheng, et al. Column Generation-based Heuristic Approach for Electric Bus and Driver Scheduling on Single Bus Lines[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2021, 21: 211-220
[30]	何聪, 耿建, 刘建涛,等. 基于数据模型双驱动的电动公交车多时段负荷建模和调节潜力评估[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2024, 52: 25-34
	He Cong, Geng Jian, Liu Jian-tao, et al. Multi-period load modeling and regulation potential assessment for electric buses based on data-driven and model-driven[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2024, 52: 25-34
[31]	张雅丽, 付锐, 魏文辉, 等. 考虑速度模式的纯电动公交进出站生态驾驶策略[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2024: 1-16
	Zhang Ya-li, Fu Rui, Wei Wen-hui, et al. Eco-driving strategy for electric bus entering and leaving stops considering velocity mode[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2024: 1-16
[32]	奇格奇, 李丹, 段梦媛,等. 考虑电动公交在途特性的电池状态梯次划分[J]. 中国公路学报, 2022, 35: 44-54
	Qi Ge-qi, Li Dan, Duan Meng-yuan, et al. Echelon division of battery status considering on-road characteristics of electric buses[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2022, 35: 44-54
[33]	叶鑫宇, 刘昊翔, 龙建成. 考虑充电需求的电动公交车运营优化模型与算法[J]. 交通运输工程与信息学报, 2023, 21: 135-151
	Ye Xin-yu, Liu Haoxiang, Long Jian-cheng. Optimization model and algorithm for electric bus operation considering charging demand[J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering and Information, 2023, 21: 135-151
[34]	Zhang Z, Ye B, Wang S, et al. Analysis and estimation of energy consumption of electric buses using real-world data[J]. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2024, 126: 104017.
[35]	Guschinsky N, Kovalyov M Y, Pesch E, et al. Cost minimizing decisions on equipment and charging schedule for electric buses in a single depot[J]. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 2023, 180:103337.
[36]	Tang J, Yu Y, Li J. An exact algorithm for the multi-trip vehicle routing and scheduling problem of pickup and delivery of customers to the airport [J]. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 2015, 73: 114-132.
[37]	Zhou Y, Meng Q, Ong G P, et al. Electric bus charging scheduling on a bus network[J]. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 2024, 161: 104553.
[38]	熊杰, 梁晶晶, 李向楠,等. 考虑分时电价和多车型的电动公交行车计划优化[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2024, 24: 188-199, 211
	Xiong Jie, Liang Jing-jing, Li Xiang-nan, et al. Optimization of electric bus scheduling considering time-of-use electricity pricing policy and multiple vehicle types[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2024, 24: 188-199, 211
[39]	翁剑成, 乔润童, 王茂林,等. 考虑场景差异性的混合车型公交调度优化方法[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2024, 24 (04): 176-187
	Weng Jian-cheng, Qiao Run-tong, Wang Mao-lin, et al. Optimization method for mixed vehicle bus scheduling considerincscenario differences[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2024, 24(4): 176-187
[40]	Gkiotsalitis K, Iliopoulou C, Kepaptsoglou K. An exact approach for the multi-depot electric bus scheduling problem with time windows [J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2023, 306(1): 189-206.
[41]	Bao Z, Li J, Bai X, et al. An optimal charging scheduling model and algorithm for electric buses[J]. Applied Energy, 2023, 332: 120512.
[42]	Lacombe R, Murgovski N, Gros S, et al. Integrated charging scheduling and operational control for an electric bus network[J]. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 2024, 186: 103549.
[43]	Xie D F, Yu Y P, Zhou G J, et al. Collaborative optimization of electric bus line scheduling with multiple charging modes[J]. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2023, 114: 103551.
[44]	Xiao G, Xiao Y, Shu Y, et al. Technical and economic analysis of battery electric buses with different charging rates[J]. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2024, 132: 104254.
[45]	Lee J, Shon H, Papakonstantinou I, et al. Optimal fleet, battery, and charging infrastructure planning for reliable electric bus operations[J]. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2021, 100: 103066.
[46]	Lee J, Oh S, Son S. Optimal battery electric bus planning and its economic and environmental impacts [J]. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2023, 122: 103066.
[47]	巫威眺, 林越, 李余,等. 随机行程时间的电动公交调度模型[J]. 中国公路学报, 2023, 36: 235-53
	Wu Wei-tiao, Lin Yue, Li Yu, et al. Electric bus scheduling model with stochastic travel time[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2023, 36: 235-253
[48]	Yan Y, Wen H, Deng Y, et al. A mixed-integer programming-based Q-learning approach for electric bus scheduling with multiple termini and service routes[J]. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 2024, 162: 104570.
[49]	姚恩建, 王鑫, 刘莎莎,等. 考虑机会充电与行程时间可靠性的区域多车型电动公交调度优化[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2024, 24: 151-165+87
	Yao En-jian, Wang Xin, Liu Sha-sha, et al. Regional electric bus scheduling optimization with multiple vehicle types considering opportunity charging and travel time reliability[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2024, 24: 151-165+87
[50]	阳岳希, 胡泽春, 宋永华. 电动公交充换电站的优化运行研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2012, 32(31): 35-43.
	Yang Yue-xi, Hu Ze-chun, Song Yong-hua. Research on optimal operation of battery swapping and charging station for electric buses[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2012, 32(31): 35-43.
[51]	张帝, 姜久春, 张维戈,等. 基于遗传算法的电动汽车换电站经济运行[J]. 电网技术, 2013, 37(8): 2101-2107.
	Zhang Di, Jiang Jiu-chun, Zhang Wei-ge, et al. Power system technology[J]. Power System Technology,2013, 37(8): 2101-2107.
[52]	Rao R, Zhang X, Xie J, et al. Optimizing electric vehicle users' charging behavior in battery swapping mode[J]. Applied Energy, 2015, 155: 547-559.
[53]	Zeng B, Wu W, Ma C. Electric bus scheduling and charging infrastructure planning considering bus replacement strategies at charging stations[J]. IEEE Access, 2023, 11: 125328-125345.
[54]	Li J Q. Transit bus scheduling with limited energy [J]. Transportation Science, 2014, 48(4): 521-539.
[55]	Xiong H, Xiang T, Rong X, et al. Optimal allocation of electric vehicle battery swap stations[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2012, 32(9): 1-6.
[56]	Huang D, Zhang J, Liu Z, et al. A novel ranking method based on semi-SPO for battery swapping allocation optimization in a hybrid electric transit system[J]. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 2024, 188: 103611.
[57]	Luo X, Fan W. Joint design of electric bus transit service and wireless charging facilities[J]. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 2023, 174: 103114.
[58]	Sun R, Luo Q, Chen Y. Optimizing dynamic wireless charging for electric buses: A data-driven approach to infrastructure planning[J]. Applied Energy, 2024, 373: 123912.
[59]	Wang X, Song Z, Xu H, et al. En-route fast charging infrastructure planning and scheduling for battery electric bus systems[J]. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2023, 117: 103659.
[60]	Li W, He Y, Hu S, et al. Planning dynamic wireless charging infrastructure for battery electric bus systems with the joint optimization of charging scheduling[J]. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 2024, 159:104469.
[61]	Alwesabi Y, Liu Z, Kwon S, et al. A novel integration of scheduling and dynamic wireless charging planning models of battery electric buses[J]. Energy, 2021, 230: 120806.
[62]	Ji J, Wang L, Yang M, et al. Optimal deployment of dynamic wireless charging facilities for electric bus route considering stochastic travel times[J]. Energy, 2024, 289: 129873.
[63]	王永兴, 毕军, 谢东繁,等. 计及电池老化特征的电动公交车静态无线充电设施布局优化 [J]. 华南理工大学学报: 自然科学版, 2024, 52: 45-55
	Wang Yong-xing, Bi Jun, Xie Dong-fan, et al. Layout optimization of static wireless charging facilities for electric buses by considering battery degradation characteristics[J]. Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2024, 52: 45-55
[64]	Liu J, Pei Y, Dong C, et al. Optimizing electric bus charging infrastructure deployment under two charging modes considering seasonal differences[J]. Transportation Letters, 2023: 1-14.
[65]	Tang X, Yang J, Lin X, et al. Dynamic operations of an integrated mobility service system of fixed-route transits and flexible electric buses[J]. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 2023, 173: 103081.
[66]	Zhang W, Zhao H. Optimal design of electric bus short turning and interlining strategy[J]. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2024, 134: 104334.
[67]	Lian Y, Lucas F, Sörensen K. The electric on-demand bus routing problem with partial charging and nonlinear function[J]. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 2023, 157: 104368.
[68]	Wu W, Zhu Y, Liu R. Dynamic scheduling of flexible bus services with hybrid requests and fairness: Heuristics-guided multi-agent reinforcement learning with imitation learning[J]. 2024, 190: 103069.
[69]	王晓伟, 吴松屿, 曹恺, 等. 多车型混编公交车队发车时刻及车型联合优化[J]. 中国公路学报, 2024, 37: 253-266.
	Wang Xiao-wei, Wu Song-yu, Cao Kai, et al. Joint Optimization of departure times and vehicle types for a multi-type bus fleet[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2024, 37: 253-266.
[70]	高虹, 刘锴, 姚恩建. 站点需求响应的电动模块公交车重组调度优化[J]. 中国公路学报, 2024, 37: 24-36.
	Gao Hong, Liu Kai, Yao En-jian. Formation and scheduling optimization of electric modular buses with station-based demand-responsive model[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2024, 37: 24-36.
[71]	周珊珊. 电动汽车行为特性建模与优化调度策略研究[D]. 北京: 华北电力大学控制与计算机工程学院, 2022.
	Zhou Shan-shan. Research on behavior characteristics modeling and optimal scheduling strategy of electric vehicle[D]. Beijing: School of Control and Computer Engineering, North China Electric Power University, 2022.
[72]	罗荣. V2G系统电力资源管理策略研究[D]. 成都: 电子科技大学信息与通信工程学院, 2019.
	Luo Rong. A research on power resource management strategy of V2G system[D]. Chengdu: School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2019.
[73]	李锦瑭. 电动汽车V2G充电站充放电控制策略与谐波特性研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学电气工程及自动化学院, 2015.
	Li Jin-tang. Research on charge-discharge control strategy and harmonic characteristics of V2G charging station[D]. Harbin: School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2015.
[74]	牛振宁, 安琨, 马万经. 车网互动场景下电动网约车运营与充放电动态调度策略[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2024, 24: 50-59.
	Niu Zhen-ning, An Kun, Ma Wan-jing. Electric vehicle ride-hailing operation and charging-discharging dynamic scheduling strategy in vehicle-to-grid scenario[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2024, 24: 50-59.
[75]	金珉宇. 分时电价下考虑充放电的电动配送车路径优化[D]. 北京: 北京交通大学交通运输学院, 2023.
	Jin Min-yu. Electric vehicle routing with charging/discharging under time variant electricity prices [D]. Beijing: School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, 2023.
[76]	王岱, 管晓宏, 吴江,等. 基于车辆行驶行为特性建模的电动汽车充放电策略与分析[J]. 电网技术, 2014, 38: 2322-2327
	Wang Dai, Guan Xiao-hong, Wu Jiang, et al. Vehicle driving pattern based modeling and analysis of centralized charging/discharging strategy for plug-in electric vehicles[J]. Power System Technology, 2014, 38: 2322-2327
[77]	杨晓龙. 电动汽车参与区域电网需求响应优化管理研究[D]. 北京: 华北电力大学(北京) 经济与管理学院, 2022.
	Yang Xiao-long. Optimal management of electric vehicles participating in regional power grid demand response[D]. Beijing: North China Electric Power University, 2022.
[78]	Steward D M. Critical elements of vehicle-to-grid (v2g) economics[R]: National Renewable Energy Lab.(NREL), Golden, CO (United States), 2017.
[79]	Noel L, De rubens G Z, Kester J, et al. Leveraging user-based innovation in vehicle-to-X and vehicle-to-grid adoption: A Nordic case study [J]. Journal of cleaner production, 2021, 287: 125591.
[80]	Elliott M, Kittner N. Operational grid and environmental impacts for a V2G-enabled electric school bus fleet using DC fast chargers[J]. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 2022, 30: 316-330.
[81]	Manzolli J A, Trovão J P F, Antunes C H. Electric bus coordinated charging strategy considering V2G and battery degradation[J]. Energy, 2022, 254: 124252.
[82]	叶丽雅, 汪震, 文福拴,等. V2G代理商调频服务经济效益评估[J]. 浙江大学学报: 工学版, 2016, 50: 1831-1840
	Ye Li-ya, Wang Zhen, Wen Fu-shuan, et al. Economic benefit evaluation of V2G aggregator for frequency regulation[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science), 2016, 50: 1831-1840
[83]	Fei F, Sun W, Iacobucci R, et al. Exploring the profitability of using electric bus fleets for transport and power grid services[J]. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 2023, 149: 104060.
[84]	Verbrugge B, Rasool H, Baghdadi M E, et al. Modelling and bi-level control design of a SiC off-board charging system for battery electric buses with V2G capability[C]∥proceedings of the 2021 23rd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'21 ECCE Europe), F 6-10 Sept. 2021.
[85]	章锐, 于继来. 电动公交车负荷参与新型城网调峰的能力评估[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42: 82-94
	Zhang Rui, Yu Ji-lai. Capacity evaluation of electric bus load participating in peak shaving of new urban power grid[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42: 82-94
[86]	Rafique S, Nizami M, Irshad U, et al. A two-stage multi-objective stochastic optimization strategy to minimize cost for electric bus depot operators[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2022, 332: 129856.
[87]	Ke B R, Lin Y H, Chen H Z, et al. Battery charging and discharging scheduling with demand response for an electric bus public transportation system[J]. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 2020, 40: 100741.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed