Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition) ›› 2025, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (5): 1780-1787.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20230811

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Construction and analysis of the electromagnetic compatibility evaluation model for vehicular communication systems

Guang-shuo ZHANG1(),Shi-wei ZHANG2,Yang-zhen Qin1,Fu-lin WU1,Bo JIANG1,Hong-min LU1()   

  1. 1.School of Electronic Engineering，Xidian University，Xi'an 710071，China
    2.China North Vehicle Research Institute，Beijing 100072，China
  • Received:2023-08-03 Online:2025-05-01 Published:2025-07-18
  • Contact: Hong-min LU E-mail:zhangguangshuoemc@stu.xidian.edu.cn;hmlu@mail.xidian.edu.cn

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Abstract:

Aiming at the limitations of existed electromagnetic compatibility （EMC） evaluation methods or models for wireless communication systems and the actual needs of vehicular communication systems， a five-level novel evaluation model including working environment， signal spectrum， receiver sensitivity， antenna isolation and communication performance is constructed considering the completeness and accuracy of EMC evaluation for vehicular communication systems. The performance of the constructed model is validated using the vehicular communication system of an armored vehicle as an example. The model can evaluate whether there is interference between the working environment and the signal spectrum of the vehicle-mounted radio station. The error in the reduction of the receiver sensitivity between calculation and measurement is 5.8%. The calculated isolation of the vehicle-mounted antenna is in good agreement with the measurements. The modulation mode and coding mode of the vehicle-mounted digital communication system with better performance are simulated and analyzed. When the receiver sensitivity is reduced by 6 dB， the vehicle communication distance is reduced by 50%. The simulation and measurement results show that the proposed model is suitable for the evaluation of EMC of vehicular communication systems for armored vehicles.

Key words: electromagnetic fields and microwave technology, armored vehicle, wireless communication system, electromagnetic compatibility, evaluation model

CLC Number: 

  • U463.67

Fig.1

Flowchart of the proposed model"

Fig.2

Vehicle communication propagation diagram"

Table 1

Antenna polarization mismatch loss"

接收天线水平极化垂直极化圆极化
G<10 dBG≥10 dBG<10 dBG≥10 dB

水平

极化

G<10 dB00-16-16-3
G≥10 dB00-16-20-3

垂直

极化

G<10 dB-16-1600-3
G≥10 dB-16-2000-3
圆极化-3-3-3-30

Table 2

BER of the different modulation types"

调制方式相干解调非相干解调
2ASK12erfcSNR212e-SNR4
2FSK12erfcSNR212e-SNR2
2PSK12erfc(SNR)∕
2DPSKerfc(SNR)12e-SNR

Table 3

Vehicle 1 radio parameters and performance indicators"

1号短波电台（HF1）2号超短波电台（VHF2）3号超短波电台（VHF3）性能指标

工作状态

工作频率/MHz

发射功率/W

带宽/MHz

驻波比

发射

15

50

3

1.5

工作状态

工作频率/MHz

发射功率/W

带宽/MHz

驻波比

发射

45

50

10

1.5

工作状态

工作频率/MHz

灵敏度/dBm

带宽/MHz

驻波比

接收

53

-116

15

1.5

通信距离/km

天线隔离度/dB

灵敏度下降/dB

15~30

≥20

≤6

天线增益/dB

天线极化方式

1

垂直极化

天线增益/dB

天线极化方式

1

水平极化

天线增益/dB

天线极化方式

1

垂直极化

Table 4

Vehicle 2 radio parameters"

4号超短波电台（VHF4）5号短波电台（HF5）

工作状态

工作频率/MHz

发射功率/W

带宽/MHz

驻波比

发射

80

50

17

1.5

工作状态

工作频率/MHz

灵敏度/dBm

带宽/MHz

驻波比

接收

11

-107

3

1.5

天线增益/dB

天线极化方式

1

垂直极化

天线增益/dB

天线极化方式

1

垂直极化

Table 5

Calculation result of the first-level evaluation"

收发对FIMTIMRIMSIM
HF1和VHF3不存在存在存在存在
VHF2和VHF3存在存在存在存在

Table 6

Calculation result of the second-level evaluation"

收发对

基波信号

干扰

谐波信号

干扰

互调信号

干扰

HF1和VHF3不存在存在∕
VHF2和VHF3存在不存在∕
HF1、VHF2和VHF3∕∕存在

Fig.3

Actual power received by the receiver VHF3"

Fig.4

Receiver VHF3 sensitivity decrease"

Fig.5

Comparison of measurement and calculation of antenna isolation"

Fig.6

Relationship between the receiver VHF3 sensitivity decrease and the communication distance decrease"

Table 7

BER threshold for each type of digital signal"

信号类型误码率限值要求
音频Pe≤10-3
图像Pe≤10-5
视频Pe≤10-6

Fig.7

Simulation model of the communication link"

Fig.8

Relationship between BER and SNR"

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