Abstract: American ginseng was rich in various pharmacological active substances,  which had  various  pharmacological effects such as protecting the cardiovascular system,  improving neurological diseases,  and lowering blood sugar,  significant progress had been made in the structural characterization and processing transformation research of saponin components in American ginseng. We summarized the classification and distribution of saponin active components in American ginseng,  modern mainstream analytical techniques,  and the transformation mechanism of saponin components by processing,   providing effective technical support and methodological guidance for the in-depth exploration of saponin components in American ginseng and innovative processing techniques,  thereby expanding its applications in medical treatment,  health care  and other aspects.

Key words: American ginseng,  , saponin,  , tandem mass spectrometry, processing and preparation