Abstract: With advancements in modern science and technology across structural design, materials, and sensor manufacturing processes, pipeline leak detection sensors are becoming increasingly miniaturized and intelligent, and technologies for measuring physical changes caused by pipeline leaks continue to mature. For the convenience of technology selection and optimzation in pipeline leak detection, a systematic review of widely used piezoelectric, optical fiber, and laser sensors in pipeline leak detection is provided, with a focus on analyzing their characteristics and differences in materials, structures, and working principles. It further explores their performance in practical applications and the current state of research both domestically and internationally, offering theoretical support and technical references for the selection, optimization, and future development of pipeline leak detection technologies.

Key words: sensor, pipeline leakage detection, piezoelectric, optical fiber, laser