吉林大学学报(地球科学版) ›› 2016, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 1026-1041.doi: 10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.201604104
李三忠1,2,3, 杨朝1,2, 赵淑娟1,2, 刘鑫1,2, 余珊1,2, 李玺瑶1,2, 郭玲莉1,2, 索艳慧1,2, 戴黎明1,2, 郭润华1,2, 张国伟1,2
Li Sanzhong1,2,3, Yang Zhao1,2, Zhao Shujuan1,2, Liu Xin1,2, Yu Shan1,2, Li Xiyao1,2, Guo Lingli1,2, Suo Yanhui1,2, Dai Liming1,2, Guo Runhua1,2, Zhang Guowei1,2
摘要：
古元古代与显生宙的板块构造特征和旋回演化过程具有明显区别，反映出地质记录为两种不同的板块构造体制。早古生代为这两个时期的过渡阶段，其构造过程研究与板块重建是地球板块构造旋回机制和周期分析的关键。本文采用综合集成的方法，在总结对比罗迪尼亚超大陆裂解以来全球早古生代主要碰撞造山带的地质事件基础上，分析早古生代碰撞造山带的演化特征，总结出与冈瓦纳大陆拼合、劳俄大陆拼合、古中华陆块群增生相关的7期碰撞-增生造山事件群:Brasiliano、东非、Kuunga、东亚与原特提斯洋和古亚洲洋演化相关的加里东期造山事件、经典加里东造山、中欧加里东造山、Appalachian造山。再在这7期造山事件群基础上，结合古地磁、古生物、古地理等资料，重建了新元古代-早古生代末全球板块的拼合过程:罗迪尼亚超大陆从新元古代的~950 Ma开始经历了3个阶段裂解，此时存在泛大洋、莫桑比克洋和古太平洋3个大洋，随后615~560 Ma Iapetus洋打开，~560 Ma 波罗的陆块与西冈瓦纳裂离导致狭窄的Ran洋打开；~540 Ma南半球Brasiliano、东非和Kuunga造山运动导致冈瓦纳大陆分阶段最终完成拼贴；~500 Ma冈瓦纳大陆北缘西段的微陆块群局部向北裂离，导致Rheic洋和Tornquist洋打开，并于~420 Ma随经典加里东造山带和中欧缝合带形成导致Iapetus洋闭合，此时斯瓦尔巴特和英国可能位于格陵兰地盾东南缘，同时冈瓦纳大陆北缘东段华北为代表的微陆块基本拼合在冈瓦纳大陆北缘；此外，虽然425 Ma西伯利亚板块有远离聚合了的劳俄大陆的趋势，但晚奥陶世-早泥盆世南美和北美板块靠近，北美板块与环冈瓦纳北缘西段的地体拼合碰撞。在大约400 Ma时，南、北美洲的混合生物群和古地理重建显示两者非常接近，因此，推测此时存在一个初始的逐步稳定的超大陆的可能，本文称为Carolina超大陆，因为Carolina造山带是这个超大陆最终拼合的地带。并据此判断超大陆旋回为7亿年。
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