中亚造山带东段深地震反射剖面大炮揭露下地壳与Moho结构——数据处理与初步解释

doi:10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.20200040

吉林大学学报(地球科学版) ›› 2021, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (3): 898-908.doi: 10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.20200040

中亚造山带东段深地震反射剖面大炮揭露下地壳与Moho结构——数据处理与初步解释

谭晓淼¹, 高锐^1,2,3,4, 王海燕², 侯贺晟³, 李洪强³, 匡朝阳⁵

1. 中山大学地球科学与工程学院, 广州 510275;
2. 中国地质科学院地质研究所, 北京 100037;
3. 中国地质科学院, 北京 100037;
4. 吉林大学地球探测科学与技术学院, 长春 130026;
5. 中石化地球物理公司华东分公司, 南京 210007

收稿日期:2020-02-24 出版日期:2021-05-26 发布日期:2021-06-07
通讯作者: 王海燕(1975—),女,研究员,主要从事深地震反射与深部构造方面的研究,E-mail:hyanwhy@126.com E-mail:hyanwhy@126.com
作者简介:谭晓淼(1997—),女,博士研究生,主要从事深地震反射剖面数据处理与解释方面的研究,E-mail:tanxm23@mail2.sysu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFC0601301，2017YFC0601300）；中国地质调查局项目（DD20160207，DD20190010）；国家自然科学基金重点项目（41430213，41590863）；珠江人才计划项目（2017ZT07Z066）

Lower Crust and Moho Structure of the Eastern Segment of the Centeral Asian Orogenic Belt Revealed by Large Dynamite Shots of Deep Seismic Reflection Profile: Data Processing and Preliminary Interpretation

Tan Xiaomiao¹, Gao Rui^1,2,3,4, Wang Haiyan², Hou Hesheng³, Li Hongqiang³, Kuang Zhaoyang⁵

1. School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
2. Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China;
3. Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China;
4. College of GeoExploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China;
5. SINOPEC Geophysical Corporation Huadong Bureau, Nanjing 210007, China

Received:2020-02-24 Online:2021-05-26 Published:2021-06-07
Supported by:
Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFC0601301,2017YFC0601300),the Project of China Geological Survey (DD20160207,DD20190010),the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41430213,41590863) and the Pearl River Talent Program (2017ZT07Z066)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 深地震反射大炮数据能够准确地获得下地壳和Moho的精细结构及其横向变化信息，揭露岩石圈尺度的构造样式与深部过程。中亚造山带东段位于古亚洲洋、蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋和古太平洋三大构造域的叠合区域，其岩石圈结构记录了大洋，特别是古亚洲洋消亡方式和大陆增生的深部过程。本文选用横过中亚造山带东段（奈曼旗—东乌珠穆沁旗，长约400 km）深地震反射剖面中的24个大炮数据和2个中炮数据，通过数据处理获得了近垂直反射的大炮单次剖面，揭露出中亚造山带东段下地壳及Moho的精细结构，刻画出古亚洲洋消亡极性与中亚造山带增生造山的深部过程：西拉木伦缝合带与贺根山缝合带构成古亚洲洋消亡的双缝合带，西拉木伦缝合带下方古亚洲洋板块以向南消亡为主，贺根山缝合带下方古亚洲洋板块以向北消亡为主，后者规模大于前者。在两个缝合带之间下地壳呈现出几个大规模的块状弧状反射体，推测是大洋中的残余微地块，在古亚洲洋消亡过程中拼接在一起，成为中亚造山带增生造山的一部分，并遭受了碰撞挤压和后造山伸展作用。Moho位于双程走时12 s附近（厚度约36 km），近于水平展布，沿整条剖面起伏不大。平缓的Moho成因与造山后的地壳伸展作用相关。

关键词: 深地震反射剖面, 近垂直反射, 大炮, 中亚造山带, 下地壳, 莫霍面, 古亚洲洋消亡

Abstract: By using the large dynamite shots data of deep seismic reflection, the key information of the structure details of the lower crust and Moho as well as their lateral variations can be obtained accurately, and the tectonic pattern and deep process of the lithospheric scale can be revealed. The eastern segment of the Central Asian orogenic belt (CAOB) is in the superimposed area of the three major tectonic domains, the Paleo-Asian Ocean, the Mongolian-Okhostsk Ocean and the Paleo-Pacific Ocean. The demise process of the ocean was recorded by its lithospheric structure, especially the demise of the Paleo-Asian Ocean and the deep process of continental accretion. In this paper, 24 large dynamite shots data and two medium shots data from the deep seismic reflection profile traversing the eastern segment of the CAOB (from East Ujimqin Banner to Naiman Banner, about 400 km long) are selected for data processing, and one large dynamite shots single profile of near-vertical reflection is obtained. The fine structure of the lower crust and Moho discontinuity beneath the eastern segment of the CAOB are revealed, and the polarity of the demise of the Paleo-Asian Ocean and the deep accretionary orogeny processing of the CAOB are described as follows: The Xar-Moron suture and the Hegenshan suture constitute double sutures related to the demise of the Paleo-Asian Ocean: The Paleo-Asian Ocean plate below the Xar-Moron suture may be primarily subducted southward; While the Paleo-Asian Ocean plate below the Hegenshan suture may be primarily subducted northward, and the latter is larger than the former in scale. Between the two sutures, several large-scale arc-shaped reflections are presumed to be residual micro-blocks in the ocean. They were spliced together during the demise of the Paleo-Asian Ocean, after collision, compression, and post-orogenic extension. A near-horizontal Moho structure is located at around TWT 12 s (about 36 km thick), which is relatively flat along the profile. The flat Moho should be related to the post-orogenic extension of the crust.

Key words: deep seismic reflection profile, near-vertical reflection, large dynamite shots, the Central Asian orogenic belt, lower crust, Moho discontinuity, the demise of Paleo-Asian Ocean

中图分类号:

P631.4

谭晓淼, 高锐, 王海燕, 侯贺晟, 李洪强, 匡朝阳. 中亚造山带东段深地震反射剖面大炮揭露下地壳与Moho结构——数据处理与初步解释[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2021, 51(3): 898-908.

Tan Xiaomiao, Gao Rui, Wang Haiyan, Hou Hesheng, Li Hongqiang, Kuang Zhaoyang. Lower Crust and Moho Structure of the Eastern Segment of the Centeral Asian Orogenic Belt Revealed by Large Dynamite Shots of Deep Seismic Reflection Profile: Data Processing and Preliminary Interpretation[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2021, 51(3): 898-908.

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中亚造山带东段深地震反射剖面大炮揭露下地壳与Moho结构——数据处理与初步解释

Lower Crust and Moho Structure of the Eastern Segment of the Centeral Asian Orogenic Belt Revealed by Large Dynamite Shots of Deep Seismic Reflection Profile: Data Processing and Preliminary Interpretation

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