基于小波变换的盆地沉积-构造波动分析

doi:10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.201504302

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

波动分析是一种定量研究盆地沉积-构造演化的方法.本文分析了滑动窗口法在盆地沉积波动分析数理方法中的诸多不足,采用小波变换的多尺度分解思想对研究区19个点处的信号做了处理,方法是使用db4小波对沉积速率直方图做Level9次分解.结果表明:以东营凹陷616-2点为例做沉积波动分析发现,通过小波变换可以获得能量波(A)、次能量波(n)、沉积演化波(g)和高频波(l)四个分解波,其中周期波n、g、l的周期分别是91、50、14 Ma;平面对比各分解波发现,能量波反映的是盆地沉积的整体趋势和盆内某点的平均沉积速率,次能量波反映的是盆地构造演化周期和断陷结构,沉积演化波反映的是板块聚敛控制下的盆地沉积-剥蚀演化,沉积干涉波反映的是盆地多尺度周期波叠加所呈现的地层沉积速率;空间尺度波动分析表明,一期构造运动会在空间内产生一个特定的构造波,而多个构造波在空间内会有规律地相互干涉,即产生多期构造叠加.

关键词: 小波变换, 分解波, 波动分析, 沉积盆地, 东营凹陷

Abstract:

The wave analysis is a kind of quantitative approach to basins' sedimentary-tectonic evolution. The authors analyze the mathematical defects of sliding-window method in the process of sedimentary wave analysis. In order to figure out the problems, we take 19 cases to apply the wavelet transform according to the multi-scale decomposition idea. The method is to use db4 wavelet to decompose the deposition rate histogram in level 9. The results show that we can get energy wave(A), second energy wave(n), sedimentary wave(g), and high-frequency wave(l) by using wavelet transform with taking case Dongying sag 616-2 as an example. The period of decomposed waves are 91 Ma (n), 50 Ma (g), 14 Ma (l). In comparison of the waves in the plane, we found that the energy waves reflect the overall depositional trend or the average deposition rate, the secondary energy waves reflect the tectonic cycle and the structure of the rifting basin, the sedimentary waves reflect the sedimentary-denudation evolution controlled by plate convergence, and the sedimentary interference waves present the sedimentary rate curve superimposed by multi-scale waves. Based on the analysis in spatial domain, we found that a period of tectonic movement produced a special structural wave. Geologically speaking, structural overlaps can be inferred from the interference of several structural waves.

Key words: wavelet transform, wave decompositions, wave analysis, sedimentary basin, Dongying sag

中图分类号:

P631.4

赵利, 李理, 董大伟. 基于小波变换的盆地沉积-构造波动分析[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2015, 45(4): 1227-1236.

Zhao Li, Li Li, Dong Dawei. Basin's Sedimentary-Tectonic Wave Analysis Based on Wavelet Transform[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2015, 45(4): 1227-1236.

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