用小波变换讨论地震中的多普勒现象

doi:10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.20200049

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 地震中多普勒效应可以确定地震的破裂面等，说明对多普勒效应的研究有实际意义，但目前确定地震中是否存在多普勒效应的方法并不成熟。在研究多普勒效应空间分布规律的基础上，提出用小波变换确定地震中是否存在多普勒效应的方法。选择位于汶川地震断层滑动前方的若干台站对台站最初时段的地震记录进行小波变换时，发现随着震中距的增加，小波谱高频幅值明显大于小波谱低频幅值；说明虽然存在介质对地震波的吸收衰减作用，但多普勒效应的存在仍使得小波谱高频幅值增大。选择与汶川地震断层垂直方位的若干台站对台站最初时段的地震记录进行小波变换时，发现随着震中距的增加，小波谱高频幅值迅速降低，震中距大到一定程度后低频部分的小波谱幅值会明显大于高频部分的小波幅值；说明在该方向上，介质对地震波的高频吸收衰减起主要作用，没有发生多普勒效应。

关键词: 多普勒效应, 地震, 频率, 小波变换, 汶川地震

Abstract: The Doppler effect in earthquakes can be used to determine the rupture surfaces of earthquakes,which implies that the study of Doppler effect has practical significance. However, the method to determine whether there is a Doppler effect in earthquakes is not yet mature. On the basis of studying the spatial distribution of Doppler effect, a wavelet transform method is proposed to determine whether a Doppler effect exists in earthquakes. In this study, some stations located in front of the fault slip of Wenchuan earthquake were selected for wavelet transform on the seismic records in the initial period, it was found that with the increase of epicenter distance, the high frequency amplitude of wavelet spectrum was obviously larger than the low frequency amplitude of wavelet spectrum,which indicates that although there was the effect of the media on the absorption and attenuation of seismic waves, the high frequency amplitude of the wavelet spectrum increased due to the existence of a Doppler effect. Several stations located in the vertical direction to the Wenchuan earthquake were selected for wavelet transform on the seismic records in the initial period, it was found that with the increase of epicenter distance, the high frequency amplitude of wavelet spectrum decreased rapidly. When the epicenter distance was large to a certain extent, the amplitude of wavelet spectrum in the low frequency part was obviously larger than that in the high frequency part. In this direction, the medium played a major role in the high frequency absorption and attenuation of seismic wave, and the Doppler effect did not occur.

Key words: Doppler effect, earthquake, frequency, wavelet transform, Wenchuan earthquake

中图分类号:

P631.4

李启成, 闵也, 何书耕. 用小波变换讨论地震中的多普勒现象[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2021, 51(3): 909-918.

Li Qicheng, Min Ye, He Shugeng. Discussion on Doppler Effect in Earthquakes by Wavelet Transform[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2021, 51(3): 909-918.

参考文献

[1] 卓钰如,李文香,龚镇雄.用多普勒效应研究中小地震的破裂面和破裂传播速度[J].地震学报, 1982, 4(1): 16-28. Zhuo Yuru, Li Wenxiang, Gong Zhenxiong. A Study of the Rupture Surfaces and Velocity of Propagation of Rupture of Small and Medium Size Earthquakes Based on Their Doppler Effect[J]. Acta Seismological Sinica, 1982, 4(1): 16-28.
[2] Douglas A, Hudson J A, Marshall P D. Earthquake Seismograms that Show Doppler Effects Due to Crack Propagation[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 1981, 64 (1): 163-185.
[3] Ge Jin, Tang Youcai, Zhou Shiyong, et al. Doppler Effect of the Rupture Process of the Great M_W7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake[J]. Earthquake Science, 2010, 23(6): 535-539.
[4] 刘瑞丰, 邹立晔, 张立文. 汶川地震的面波震级测定及其多普勒效应[J]. 地震学报, 2018, 40(3): 364-373. Liu Ruifeng, Zou Liye, Zhang Liwen. Determination of the Surface-Wave Magnitude of the Wenchuan Earthquake and Its Seismic Doppler Effect[J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 2018, 40(3): 364-373.
[5] Aki K. Seismic Displacement near a Fault[J]. J Geophys Res, 1968, 73: 5359-5376.
[6] Saburoh M. Rupture History of the 1979 Imperial Valley Earthquake Estimated from EL Centro Strong-Motion Accelerograms[C]//Proceedings of Ninth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering:Vol Ⅱ. Tokyo-Kyoto: Conference Committee, 1988: 277-282.
[7] Mavroeidis G P, Papageorgiou A S. Near-Source Strong Ground Motion: Characteristics and Design Issues[C]//Proc of the Seventh U. S. National Conf on Earthquake Engineering (7NCEE). Boston:[s. n.], 2002: 21-25.
[8] Wang G Q, Zhou X Y, Zhang P Z, et al. Characteristics of Amplitude and Duration for near Fault Strong Ground Motion from 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan Earthquake[J]. SoilDyn Earthquake Eng, 2002, 22: 73-96.
[9] Somerville P G, Smith N F, Graves R W, et al. Modification of Empirical Strong Ground Motion Attenuation Relations to Include the Amplitude and Duration Effects of Rupture Directivity[J]. Seism Res Lett, 1997, 68: 199-222.
[10] 刘启方,袁一凡,金星,等. 近断层地震动的基本特征[J].地震工程与工程震动, 2006, 26(1):1-10. Liu Qifang, Yuan Yifan, Jin Xing, et al. Basic Characteristics of Near-Fault Ground Motion[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 2006, 26(1): 1-10.
[11] Frez J, Nava F A, Acosta J. Source Rupture Plane Determination from Directivity Doppler Effect for Small Earthquakes Recorded by Local Networks[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 2010, 100(1): 289-297.
[12] He X, Zhan Z, Zhang P, et al. Rupture Directivity of the 18 April 2008 Mt Carmel, Illinois, Earthquake from Modeling of Local Seismic Waveforms[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 2018, 108(6): 3278-3288.
[13] He X, Ni S. Resolving Horizontal Rupture Directivity of Moderate Crustal Earthquake in Sparse Network with Ambient Noise Location[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2018, 123: 533-552.
[14] Xie Junju. Strong-Motion Directionality and Evidence of Rupture Directivity Effects During the Chi-Chi Mw 7.6 Earthquake[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 2019, 109 (6): 2367-2383.
[15] Li Qicheng, He Shugeng, Min Ye, et al. The Sliding Speed Calculation of the Wenchuan Earthquake Fault with the Doppler Effect[J]. Applied Geophysics, 2019,16(3): 1-10.
[16] 李启成,何书耕,闵也.龙门山断层破裂的频率方向性效应[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2019,49(3):865-871. Li Qicheng, He Shugeng, Min Ye. Frequency Non-Stationary of Longmanshan Fault Rupture[J]. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Edition), 2019,49(3):865-871
[17] Wan Yongge. Introduction to Seismology[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2016.
[18] Wan Yongge, Shen Zhengkang, Roland B, et al. Fault Geometry and Slip Distribution of the 2008 MW7.9 Wenchuan, China Earthquake Inferred from GPS and InSAR Measurements[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2016, 208: 748-766.
[19] 张彬,杨风暴.小波分析方法及其应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2011. Zhang Bin, Yang Fengbao. Wavelet Analysis Method and Its Application[M]. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 2011.
[20] 张勇,冯万鹏,许力生,等.2008年汶川大地震的时空破裂过程[J].中国科学:D辑:地球科学,2008,38(10):1186-1198. Zhang Yong, Feng Wanpeng, Xu Lisheng, et al. The Time and Space Rupture Process of the Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008[J]. Chinese Science: D Series: Earth Science, 2008, 38(10): 1186-1198.

相关文章 15

[1]	王振军. 油气储层裂缝预测进展[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2026, 56(2): 469-482.
[2]	黄华, 王圆圆, 裴志勇, 邓小芹, 方火浪. 设防地震作用下深厚覆盖层上土石混合体高填方人工半岛动力反应及抗震性能[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2026, 56(2): 598-610.
[3]	刘长胜, 高菲. 基于地空频率域电磁法的深部地层极化效应探测方法[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2026, 56(1): 366-376.
[4]	黄兴国, 翁央央, 韩丽. 基于广义递归卷积的孔隙黏弹地震波正演模拟[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2026, 56(1): 377-385.
[5]	刘财, 张焱喆, 刘洋. 地震数据非平稳特征分析综述[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2025, 55(6): 2132-2152.
[6]	田广, 赵岩. 信噪比约束的可调节振幅补偿算子反Q滤波方法[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2025, 55(4): 1351-1360.
[7]	王志勇, 刘国昌, 王梓旭, 郭严粮, 秦晨. 基于振幅一致性残差卷积编码-解码器的不规则缺失数据重建 [J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2025, 55(4): 1336-1350.
[8]	丁乾龙, 沈金松, 陈双全, 冉尚, 龙刚. 频率域传播矩阵法地震AVA多参数反演[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2025, 55(3): 957-969.
[9]	董春峰, 张岩, 刘小秋, 董宏丽. 基于改进U-Net的微地震事件识别方法[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2025, 55(3): 970-986.
[10]	耿鑫, 王长鹏, 张春霞, 张讲社, 熊登. 基于多尺度特征自注意力模型的地震数据重建方法[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2025, 55(3): 1001-1013.
[11]	周琨超, 王志远, 翟金榜, 张泽, 孟祥熙, 袁名扬. 振动荷载作用下近相变区冰-水相变迁移规律 [J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2025, 55(2): 550-562.
[12]	巴忠臣, 秦军, 华美瑞, 张宗斌, 秦赛赛, 张稳. 隐蔽性微小断裂智能识别技术在准噶尔盆地MH1井区的应用[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2025, 55(2): 612-626.
[13]	靳雪彬, 李丙喜, 张振国, 雷茂盛, 安利双, 丁恺. 匹配追踪分频谱蓝化在叠后地震提频中的应用[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2025, 55(2): 646-656.
[14]	李学杰, 田成静, 钟和贤, 张江勇, 廖志良. 南海晚更新世以来火山玻璃分布特征与物源分析[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2025, 55(1): 1-14.
[15]	徐杨杨, 商耀达, 孙建国. 基于预条件广义逐次超松弛迭代法的数值格林函数计算方法[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2024, 54(5): 1696-1710.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed