甘肃舟曲锁儿头滑坡活动的主控因素分析

doi:10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.201506203

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

锁儿头滑坡是甘肃舟曲县城附近一个巨型老滑坡,自20世纪70年代末以来一直处于缓慢活动之中。滑坡所处的地质环境表明,锁儿头滑坡长期缓慢滑动是具有特殊性质的滑坡物质在自重、边界断层活动、白龙江侧蚀和地下水四大因素联合作用下的结果。然而,除自重这个基础因素外,其余三个因素在该滑坡中的作用程度如何,目前尚无定论。笔者在野外调查和监测数据分析的基础上,采用数值模拟手段,定量分析了三个因素对滑坡活动速率的贡献程度。研究结果表明:对于组成物质松软的锁儿头滑坡而言,除了其流变性质外,地下水和断层活动是导致滑坡长期缓慢活动的主要因素,其中地下水位上升的作用略大于断层活动;尽管滑坡在不同因素作用后的位移模式基本一致,但位移速率有明显差异;相较于单独自重作用,边界断层活动使滑坡位移速率增大20%~47%;地下水位上升1 m后,滑坡位移速率增大20%~97%,且随着水位上升量的增加,滑坡位移速率进一步增大;白龙江侧蚀仅对滑坡临江前缘部分的位移速率影响较大,但位移速率的增大幅度与白龙江水流速度并无明显正相关。

关键词: 锁儿头滑坡, 缓慢活动, 地下水, 断层活动, 河流侧蚀

Abstract:

Suoertou landslide, an old giant landslide in Zhouqu County in Gansu Province, has been moving slowly since 1970's.The geological environment indicates that the slow-movement was controlled by behavior of slide's materials under four factors, including weight of the slope, activity of its boundary faults, incision of Bailongjiang river at its toe, and the groundwater within the slope; although only the slope weight has been confirmed for its importance. Based on the field investigation and monitoring data analysis, numerical simulation was adopted to analyze the contribution of the other three factors to the activity rate of the slide. It was found that the creep behavior of Suoertou landslide was mainly controlled by the groundwater and active fault in addition to its rheological nature, in which the effect of rise of water table was great than active fault on the dynamics of the slide. The numerical simulation results showed that Suoertou landslide's dynamic modes were similar with different velocity under different controlling factors. It was also found that when boundary faults were activated, the velocity of Suoertou landslide increased by 20%-47% compared to the condition of only gravity was considered; the landslide's velocity increased with the increasing of water table, the velocity increased by 20%-97% with 1 m rise of the water table. However, the incision of Bailongjiang river had only an influence on the velocity of the front part of the slide, and the amplitude of its velocity had no obvious positive relationship with the flow rate of Bailongjiang river.

Key words: Suoertou landslide, slow-moving landslide, groundwater, active fault, river incision

中图分类号:

P642.22

蒋秀姿, 文宝萍, 蒋树, 冯传煌, 赵成, 李瑞冬. 甘肃舟曲锁儿头滑坡活动的主控因素分析[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2015, 45(6): 1798-1807.

Jiang Xiuzi, Wen Baoping, Jiang Shu, Feng Chuanhuang, Zhao Cheng, Li Ruidong. Main Factors Analysis for Controlling Kinematic Behavior of Suoertou Landslide[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2015, 45(6): 1798-1807.

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