Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition) ›› 2020, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (2): 442-453.doi: 10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.20190268

Previous Articles     Next Articles

Salt Lake Depositional Characteristics of Upper Member of Lower Ganchaigou Formation, Western Qaidam Basin

Wang Jiangong1,2, Zhang Daowei3, Shi Yajun1, Zhang Ping1, Sun XiuJian1, Wang Aiping1, Wang Yulin1, Gao Yanfang1, Zhang Shiming1, Yi Dinghong1   

  1. 1. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development-Northwest, Petrochina, Lanzhou 730020, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Reservoir Description, Petrochina, Lanzhou 730020, China;
    3. Petrochina Qinghai Oilfield Company, Dunhuang 736200, Gansu, China
  • Received:2019-12-10 Online:2020-03-26 Published:2020-03-31
  • Supported by:
    Supported by Major Science and Technology Project of CNPC (2016E-01)

PDF (PC)

459

Abstract: Based on abundant geological and geochemical data, the salt lake sedimentary characteristics of the Lower Ganchaigou Formation of Oligocene were studied to identify the major rock types and discuss the controlling factors of complex lithofacies, so as to restore the paleo-sedimentary environment and establish the sedimentary models. Salt lake can be divided into two types of sedimentary environments including basin margin and intra-basin, and five types of sedimentary facies zones are developed. The beach slope facies zone, steep slope facies zone and gentle slope facies zone are developed in the basin margin sedimentary environment, and the underwater high facies zone and the profound water facies zone are developed in the intra-basin sedimentary environment. There are three evolutionary stages from the bottom to the top of the upper section of the Lower Ganchaigou Formation:semi-salt lake, salt water lake, and salt lake, corresponding to three lithological associations of carbonate rocks and calcareous sandstone, anhydrite-rich carbonate rocks and mudstones, and thick-bedded salts and thin-bedded carbonates. The distribution of sedimentary lithofacies is controlled by the differences of chemical, biological and physical sedimentation, and the main controlling factors of sedimentation are climate, paleo-geomorphology,and tectonic movement.

Key words: lacustrine carbonate, microbialite, mixed rock, salt lake, Qaidam basin

CLC Number: 

  • P618.13
[1] Boh Sedimentary acs K M, Carroll A R, Neal J E, et al. Lake-Basin Type, Source Potential, and Hydrocarbon Character:An Integrated-Sequence-Stratigraphic-Geochemical Framework[C]//Gierlowski-Kordesch E H, Kelts K R. Lake Basin Through Space and Time. Tulsa:AAPG, 2000:3-34.
[2] Platt N H, Wright V P. Lacustrine Carbonates:Facies Models, Facies Distributions and Hydrocarbon Aspects[C]//Anadon P, Cabrera L, Kelts K. Lacustrine Facies Analysis. Oxford:Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 1991:57-74.
[3] Carozzi A V. Observation on Algal Biostromes in the Great Salt Lake, Utah[J]. Journal of Geology, 1962, 70:246-252.
[4] Halley R B. Ooid Fabric and Fracture in the Great Salt Lake and the Geologic Record[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 1977, 47:1099-1120.
[5] Pedone V A, Fork R L. Formation of Aragonite Cement by Nannobacteria in the Great Salt Lake, Utah[J]. Geology, 1996, 24:763-765.
[6] Cohen A,Thouin C. Nearshore Carbonate Deposits in Lake Tanganyika[J]. Geology, 1987, 15:414-418.
[7] Casanova J,Hillaire-Marcel C. Late Holocene Hydrological History of Lake Tanganyika, East Africa, from Isotopic Data on Fossil Stromatolites[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 1992, 91:35-48.
[8] Tiercelin J J, Soreghan M, Cohen A S, et al. Sedimentation in Large Rift Lakes:Example from the Middle Pleistocene-Modern Deposits of the Tanganyika Trough, East African Rift System[J]. Bulletin Des Centres De Researches Exploration-Production Elf-Aquitaine, 1992, 16(1):83-111.
[9] Cohen A S, Talbot M R,Awramik S M, et al. Lake Level and Paleoenvironmental History of Lake Tanganyika, as Inferred from Late Holocene and Moder Stromatolites[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1997, 109:444-460.
[10] Rouchy J M, Servant M, Fournier M, et al. Extensive Carbonate Algal Bioherms in Upper Pleistocene Saline Lakes of the Central Altiplano of Bolivia[J]. Sedimentology, 1996, 43:973-993.
[11] Camoin G, Casanova J, Rouchy J M, et al. Environmental Controls on Perennial and Ephemeral Carbonate Lakes:The Central Palaeo-Andean Basin of Bolivia During Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary Times[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 1997, 113:1-26.
[12] Palma R M. Lacustrine Facies in the Upper Cretaceous Balbuena Subgroup (Salta Group):Andina Basin, Argentina[C]//Gierlowski-Kordesch E H, Kelts K R. Lake Basins Through Space and Time. Geology:AAPG, 2000:323-328.
[13] Link M H, Osborne R H,Awramik S M, et al. Lacustrine Stromatolites and Associated Sediments of the Pliocene Ridge Route Formation, Ridge Basin, California[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 1978, 48:143-158.
[14] Benson L V. Carbonate Deposition, Pyramid LakeSubbasin, Nevada:1:Sequence of Formation and Elevational Distribution of Carbonate Deposits (Tufas)[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 1994, 109:55-87.
[15] 陈薇,郝毅,倪超,等. 川中下侏罗统大安寨组储层特征及控制因素[J]. 西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,35(5):7-14. Chen Wei, Hao Yi, Ni Chao, et al.Reservoir Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Da'an Zhai Member in Lower Jurassic, Central Sichuan[J]. Journal of West Petroleum University (Science & Technology Edition), 2013, 35(5):7-14.
[16] 刘传联. 东营凹陷沙河街组湖相碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素组分及其古湖泊学意义[J]. 沉积学报,1998,16(3):109-114. Liu Chuanlian. Carbon and Oxygen Isotopic Compositions of Lacustrine Carbonates of the Shahejie Formation in the Dongying Depression and Their Paleolimnological Significance[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1998, 16(3):109-114.
[17] 张永生,王国力,杨玉卿,等. 江汉盆地潜江凹陷古近系盐湖沉积盐韵律及其古气候意义[J]. 古地理学报,2005,7(4):461-470. Zhang Yongsheng, Wang Guoli, Yang Yuqing, et al.Rhythms of Saline Lake Sediments of the Paleogene and Their Paleoclimatic Significance in Qianjiang Sag, Jianghan Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2005, 7(4):461-470.
[18] 王建功,张道伟,易定红,等. 柴西地区下干柴沟组上段湖相碳酸盐岩沉积特征及相模式[J]. 岩性油气藏,2018,30(4):12-13. Wang Jiangong, Zhang Daowei, Yi Dinghong, et al. Depositional Characteristics and Facies Model of Lacustrine Carbonate Rock in the Upper Member of Lower Ganchaigou Formation in Western Qaidam Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2018, 30(4):12-13.
[19] 王建功,张道伟,袁剑英,等. 英西湖相碳酸盐岩储层成因与含油性分析[J]. 中国矿业大学学报,2019,48(1):110-120. Wang Jiangong, Zhang Daowei, Yuan Jianying, et al. Characteristics of Reservoir Genesis and Oil & Gas Accumulation in Lacustrine Carbonate in Yingxi Area of Qaidam Basin[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 2019, 48(1):110-120.
[20] 黄成刚,常海燕,崔俊,等. 柴达木盆地西部地区渐新世沉积特征与油气成藏模式[J]. 石油学报,2017,38(11):1230-1243. Huang Chenggang,Chang Haiyan,Cui Jun,et al. OligoceneSedimentaryCharacteristicsandHydrocarbonAccumulationModel intheWesternQaidamBasin[J]. ActaPetroleiSinica,2017,38(11):1230-1243.
[21] 徐伟,陈开远,曹正林,等. 咸化湖盆混积岩成因机理研究[J]. 岩石学报,2014,30(6):1804-1816. Xu Wei, Chen Kaiyuan, Cao Zhenglin, et al.Original Mechanism of Mixed Sediments in the Saline Lcustrine Basin[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica[J], 2014, 30(6):1804-1816.
[22] 袁剑英,黄成刚,曹正林,等. 咸化湖盆白云岩碳氧同位素特征及古环境意义:以柴西地区始新统下干柴沟组为例[J]. 地球化学,2015,44(3):254-266. Yuan Jianying, Huang Chenggang, Cao Zhenglin, et al. Carbon and Oxygen Isotopic Composition of Saline Lacustrine Dolomite and Its Palaeoenvironmental Significance:A Case Study of Lower Eocene Ganchaigou Formation in Western Qaidam Basin[J]. Geochimica, 2015, 44(3):254-266.
[23] 袁剑英,黄成刚,夏青松,等. 咸化湖盆碳酸盐岩储层特征及孔隙形成机理:以柴西地区始新统下干柴沟组为例[J]. 地质论评,2016,62(1):111-126. Yuan Jianying, Huang Chenggang, Xia Qingsong, et al. The Characteristics of Carbonate Reservoir, and Formation Mechanism of Pores in the Saline Lacustrine Basin:A Case Study of the Lower Eocene Ganchaigou Formation in Western Qaidam Basin[J]. Geological Review, 2016, 62(1):111-126.
[24] Riding R. Microbial Carbonates:The Geological Record of Calcified Bacterial-Algal Mats and Biofilms[J]. Sedimentology, 2000, 47(Sup. 1):179-214.
[25] Carroll A R,Bohacs K M. Stratigraphic Classification of Ancient Takes:Balancing Tectonic and Climatic Controls[J]. Geology, 1999, 27:99-102.
[26] 寿建峰,邵文斌,陈子炓,等. 柴西地区第三系藻灰(云)岩的岩石类型与分布特征[J]. 石油勘探与开发,2003,30(4):37-39. Shou Jianfeng, Shao Wenbin, Chen Ziliao, et al.Lithological Types and Distribution Features of Tertiary Algal-Limestone in Chaixi Area, Qaidam Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2003, 30(4):37-39.
[27] Talbot M R, Allen P A. Lakes[C]//Reading H G. Sedimentary Environments:Processes, Facies and Stratigraphy. Oxford:Blackwell Publishing, 1996:83-124.
[28] Gierlowski-Kordesch E H. Chapter 1 Lacustrine Carbonates[C]//Alonso-Zarza A M, Tanner L H. Carbonates in Continental Settings:Facies, Environments, and Processes.[S. l.]:Elsevier, 2010:1-101.
[1] Wu Yuhao, Yu Xiangjiang, Rui Xue, Yu Hang, Ju Tianhang, Li Dejing.  Impact of Geological Environmental Change on Ancient Human Settlements in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau: A Case Study of Talitaliha Site of Nuomuhong Culture in Qaidam Basin [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2026, 56(3): 915-923.
[2] Yi Dinghong, Liu Yingru, Li Jiyong, Li Hongzhe, Xu Xiaoling, Wu Yanxiong, Wang Aiping, Ma Yuankun, Xu Jiasha, Jia Zhengliang. Oligocene Sedimentary Environment and Controlling Factors of Reservoir Physical Properties in Nanbaxian Area, Northern Qaidam Basin [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2025, 55(3): 705-720.
[3] Wang Qianqian, Yuan Sihua, Wang Yadong, Li Weimin, Liu Yongjiang, Zheng Shigang, Zhao Yingli. The Nature of the Cenozoic Western Qaidam Basin [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2024, 54(1): 160-181.
[4] Zhao Quansheng, Kong Zhihan, Hu Shuya, Zhang Jianwei. Geophysical Exploration and Application of Underground Brine of Mahai Salt Lake in Qaidam Basin [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2023, 53(5): 1560-1572.
[5] Pan Tong, Zhang Jinming, Li Hongpu, Li Dongsheng, Han Guang, Jia Jiantuan, Yuan Wenhu. Division of Salt Minerals Metallogenic Units in Qaidam Basin [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2022, 52(5): 1446-1460.
[6] Tang Mingying, Zhu Dequan, Ding Zhengjiang, Chen Jian, Wang Weixiao, Dong Zhenkun, Gao Zhenhua, Miao Xiaojun, Zheng Chenglong. Fluid Inclusions, Stable Isotope Characteristics and Geological Significance of  Aritekeshan Porphyry Cu-Mo Deposit in  Northern Qaidam Basin [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2022, 52(5): 1525-1539.
[7] Zeng Wenren, Meng Qingtao, Liu Zhaojun, Xu Yinbo, Sun Pingchang, Wang Kebing. Organic Geochemical Characteristics and Paleo-Lake Conditions of Oil Shale of Middle Jurassic Shimengou Formation in Tuanyushan Area of Northern Qaidam Basin [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2019, 49(5): 1270-1284.
[8] Tian Min, Dong Chunmei, Lin Chengyan, Chai Xiaoying, Wang Lijuan. Productivity Evaluation Method of Single Sand Body Gas Reservoir in Sebei-2 Biogenic Gas Field, Qaidam Basin [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2017, 47(4): 1060-1069.
[9] Zhou Gang, Zheng Rongcai, Zhao Gang, Wen Huaguo, Wen Longbin. Characteristics, Origin and Geological Significance of Oncolites of Givetian(Middle Devonian) in Ganxi Area, Northwestern Sichuan [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2017, 47(2): 405-417.
[10] Ju Yinjuan, Zhang Xiaoli, Zhang Yongshu, Chen Yan. Fracture Characteristics of Bedrock Reservoir in the North-Kunlun Faults Zone, Qaidam Basin [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2016, 46(6): 1660-1671.
[11] Pei Junling, Zhou Zaizheng, Li Haibing, Sun Zhiming. Strike-Slip of Altyn Tagh Didn't Result in Qaidam Basin Rotation Since Middle-Miocene [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2016, 46(1): 163-174.
[12] Wang Yadong, Zheng Jianjing, Sun Guoqiang, Zheng Youwei, Liu Xingwang. Early Cenozoic Altyn Mountains Uplift Recorded by Detrital Zircon Fission Track Age in Northwest Qaidam Basin [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2015, 45(5): 1447-1459.
[13] Zhu Chao, Xia Zhiyuan, Wang Chuanwu, Song Guangyong, Wei Xuebin, Wang Peng, Wang Haifeng, Wang Bo. Seismic Prediction for Sweet Spot Reservoir of Tight Oil [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2015, 45(2): 602-610.
[14] Lu Jungang, Yao Yitong, Wang Li, Chen Shijia, Wang Liqun, Guan Junya, Zhang Huanxu, Tang Haiping. Oil Source and Mature Oil Exploration Potential of Yuejin Slope Area in the Qaidam Basin [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2014, 44(3): 730-740.
[15] GAO Jun-peng, FANG Xiao-min, SONG Chun-hui, LI Sheng-xi, XUE Jian-ping. Tectonic-Thermo Events of Northern Tibetan Plateau: Evidence from Detrital Apatite Fission Track Data in Western Qaidam Basin [J]. J4, 2011, 41(5): 1466-1475.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] You Minxin，Liu Jianmin. Application Status and Progress of Isotopic Geochemistry in Research of Emeishan Large Igneous Province (ELIP)[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2014, 44(4): 1231 -1243 .
[2] YANG Chun-mei, LI Hong-qi,LU Da-wei,ZHANG Fang-li,GAO Yuan,SHAO Ying-chao. The Relationship Between Rock Resistivity and Water Saturation in WaterDriveOil and OilDriveWater Process[J]. J4, 2005, 35(05): 667 -671 .
[3] ZHU Hong-chen,ZHANG Jiong-fei,QUAN Heng. Two Stages of Mesozoic Lithogenesis and Mineralization in Daxing’anling Mountains[J]. J4, 2005, 35(04): 436 -0442 .
[4] ZHU Jian-wei, ZHAO Gang, LIU Bo, GUO Wei, CHENG Jun. Identification Technology and It’s Application of Well-Logging About Oil Shale[J]. J4, 2012, 42(2): 289 -295 .
[5] CHEN Li, LIANG Hai-an，ZHANG Wen-juan，RONG Fan. Application of Fuzzy Mathematics in Division of Engineering Geo-Environment of Cities-An Example of Fushun City[J]. J4, 2008, 38(5): 837 -0840 .
[6] GAO Gui-mei,SU Ke,WANG Wen-ying,GAN Shu-cai,LIU Zhao-jun. Study on Rare Earth and Trace Elements in Oil Shale Samples, Huadian, Jilin Province[J]. J4, 2006, 36(6): 974 -0979 .
[7] WU Kong-yun,JIANG Zhong-cheng,YE Ye. Influence of Different Plant Communities On Erosion Rates of Limestone Rock Blocks[J]. J4, 2007, 37(5): 967 -0971 .
[8] ZHOU Yan-zhang, CHI Bao-ming, LIU Zhong-pei. Mode of Structural Control about Groundwater Pour-in Mechanism in Xiadian Gold Deposits in Shandong Province[J]. J4, 2008, 38(2): 255 -0260 .
[9] ZHANG Yuan, LIU Lian-deng,SUN Jing-gui,CHEN Guo-hua,ZHANG Hong-xi,YAN Fu-chuan, YANG Kai-chun. Two Phase Overprinting Mineralization in Huangbuling Gold Deposit in Northwestern Jiaodong Peninsula[J]. J4, 2008, 38(1): 21 -0026 .
[10] LU Cheng-peng, SHU Long-cang, YUAN Li-bo, ZHANG Rong-rong, HUANG Bi-juan, WANG Bin-bin. Determination of Hydrogeologic Parameters of Karst Aquifer Based on Tracer Test[J]. J4, 2009, 39(4): 717 -721 .
Copyright © Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), All Rights Reserved.
Tel: +86-431-88502374；13756165364　E-mail: xuebao1956@jlu.edu.cn
Powered by Beijing Magtech Co. Ltd