轻型车速度与坡度对排放影响的耦合关系

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20250496

吉林大学学报(工学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (10): 2626-2634.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20250496

• 交通运输工程·土木工程 • 上一篇

轻型车速度与坡度对排放影响的耦合关系

杨阳^1,²(),侯佳兴^1,²,于谦³()

^1.太原科技大学车辆与交通工程学院，太原 030024
^2.智慧交通山西省实验室，太原 030024
^3.长安大学生态安全屏障区交通网设施管控及循环修复技术交通运输行业重点实验室，西安 710064

收稿日期:2025-06-05 出版日期:2026-10-01 发布日期:2026-10-09
通讯作者: 于谦 E-mail:2020015@tyust.edu.cn;yuqian@chd.edu.cn
作者简介:杨阳（1988-），女，副教授，博士.研究方向：交通环境节能减排.E-mail： 2020015@tyust.edu.cn
基金资助:
山西省回国留学人员科研项目(2024-126);长安大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项项目(300102344501);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(52002032);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2025JC-YBMS-446)

Coupling effect of speed and road slope on emissions from light-duty vehicles

Yang YANG^1,²(),Jia-xing HOU^1,²,Qian YU³()

^1.School of Vehicle and Transportation Engineering，Taiyuan University of Science and Technology，Taiyuan 030024，China
^2.Smart Transportation Laboratory in Shanxi Province，Taiyuan 030024，China
^3.Key Laboratory of Transportation Industry for Control of Transportation Network Facilities and Recycling Restoration Technology in Ecological Security Barrier Area，Chang' an University，Xi'an 710064，China

Received:2025-06-05 Online:2026-10-01 Published:2026-10-09
Contact: Qian YU E-mail:2020015@tyust.edu.cn;yuqian@chd.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于西安市10辆轻型车1年逐秒级车载诊断系统监测数据，结合高分辨率数字高程模型与地理信息系统路径匹配技术提取道路坡度，利用车辆比功率理论与机动车排放模拟器模型估算一氧化碳、碳氢化合物、氮氧化物和颗粒物排放。针对传统模型难以刻画速度与坡度耦合效应的问题，构建了速度-坡度二元多项式回归模型，并采用上下坡分区策略分析排放的非线性特征。研究结果表明：本文模型决定系数均高于0.82，误差指标表现良好。具体来看，上坡条件下各污染物排放随速度与坡度升高显著增加；下坡工况虽整体排放较低，但存在局部峰值。同时，三维拟合曲面显示，碳氢化合物与氮氧化物对工况负载变化更为敏感。该研究实现了速度-坡度-排放关系的高分辨率量化，为城市微观排放精准估算、工况识别及交通减排策略制定提供了理论依据与数据支持。

关键词: 载运工具运用工程, 轻型车排放, 速度?坡度耦合, 二次多项式回归, 车辆比功率

Abstract:

Based on one-year， second-by-second on-board diagnostic（OBD） monitoring data from 10 light-duty vehicles in Xi'an， road slopes were extracted by combining high-resolution digital elevation models（DEMs） with geographic information system（GIS） path-matching techniques. Vehicle-specific power（VSP） theory and the Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator（MOVES） model were employed to estimate emissions of carbon monoxide（CO）， hydrocarbons（HC）， nitrogen oxides（NO _x ）， and particulate matter（PM）. To address the limitations of conventional models in capturing the coupled effects of speed and slope， a bivariate polynomial regression model of speed-slope was developed， and an uphill-downhill partitioning strategy was applied to analyze the nonlinear characteristics of emissions. Results show that the proposed model achieves coefficient of determination（R²） values exceeding 0.82， with favorable error metrics. Specifically， emissions of all pollutants increase significantly with speed and slope under uphill conditions， whereas downhill operations exhibit generally lower emissions but with local peak values. Moreover， three-dimensional response surfaces indicate that HC and NO _x are more sensitive to variations in operating conditions. This study provides a high-resolution quantification of the speed-slope-emission relationship， offering theoretical and empirical support for accurate urban micro-scale emission estimation， driving condition identification， and traffic-related emission reduction strategies.

Key words: vehicle operation engineering, light-duty vehicle emissions, speed-slope coupling, second-order polynomial regression, vehicle specific power

中图分类号:

U491.9

杨阳,侯佳兴,于谦. 轻型车速度与坡度对排放影响的耦合关系[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2026, 56(10): 2626-2634.

Yang YANG,Jia-xing HOU,Qian YU. Coupling effect of speed and road slope on emissions from light-duty vehicles[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2026, 56(10): 2626-2634.

图/表 7

图1

图2

表1

上下坡拟合结果"

坡度	拟合参数污染物	$β 0$	$β 1$	$β 2$	$β 3$	$β 4$	$β 5$
上坡	CO	-8.136 259	0.090 081	-32.679 764	-0.000 503	294.788 948	0.399 979
	HC	-10.674 830	0.072 107	-27.586 534	-0.000 388	270.228 294	0.320 825
	NO _x	-10.962 125	0.083 527	-31.634 116	-0.000 462	312.719 588	0.363 534
	PM	-13.330 739	0.077 097	-27.085 290	-0.000 418	252.867 415	0.333 062
下坡	CO	-8.256 284	0.095 792	21.229 739	-0.000 556	359.042 699	0.028 730
	HC	-10.695 886	0.073 384	20.691 560	-0.000 402	308.620 937	-0.049 474
	NO _x	-11.419 067	0.109 939	25.057 602	-0.000 765	176.803 097	-0.393 384
	PM	-13.396 741	0.080 445	18.380 008	-0.000 450	292.933 563	0.001 800

表1

表2

各污染物的模型预测性能评估指标"

坡度	评估指标污染物	R²	MSE	RMSE	MAE
上坡	CO	0.857 3	0.002 395	0.048 938	0.004 019
	HC	0.872 3	5× $10 - 6$	0.002 210	1.54× $10 - 4$
	NO _x	0.859 8	5× $10 - 6$	0.002 241	1.79× $10 - 4$
	PM	0.868 9	1× $10 - 7$	0.000 181	1.4× $10 - 6$
下坡	CO	0.824 7	0.000 595	0.024 400	0.002 946
	HC	0.854 2	1× $10 - 6$	0.001 000	1.06× $10 - 4$
	NO _x	0.859 1	1× $10 - 6$	0.001 113	1.30× $10 - 4$
	PM	0.843 5	1× $10 - 7$	0.000 086	1× $10 - 5$

表2

表3

K折交叉验证下各污染物预测模型的平均性能评估指标"

坡度	评估指标污染物	R²	MSE	RMSE	MAE
上坡	CO	0.842 8	0.002 395	0.047 853	0.004 019
	HC	0.852 2	5× $10 - 6$	0.002 090	1.54× $10 - 4$
	NO _x	0.845 0	5× $10 - 6$	0.002 184	1.79× $10 - 4$
	PM	0.850 5	1× $10 - 7$	0.000 174	1.4× $10 - 6$
下坡	CO	0.824 7	5.95× $10 - 6$	0.023 839	0.002 946
	HC	0.854 1	1× $10 - 6$	0.000 966	1.06× $10 - 4$
	NO _x	0.827 9	1× $10 - 6$	0.001 095	1.30× $10 - 4$
	PM	0.843 5	1× $10 - 7$	0.000 083	1× $10 - 5$

表3

图3

表4

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污染物	运行工况	峰值排放量/（g·s^-1）	峰值速度/ （km·h^-1）	峰值坡度/%
CO	上坡	0.029 57	77.58	5
CO	下坡	0.015 8	80	接近0
HC	上坡	0.001 7	113.95	5
HC	下坡	0.000 64	92.13	接近0
NO _x	上坡	0.002 1	109.1	5
NO _x	下坡	0.000 74	87.28	接近0
PM	上坡	0.000 15	111.53	5
PM	下坡	0.000 06	89.71	接近0

轻型车速度与坡度对排放影响的耦合关系

Coupling effect of speed and road slope on emissions from light-duty vehicles

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