液压挖掘机履带链轨节疲劳分析

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20250253

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以液压挖掘机履带链轨节为研究对象，提出了完整的基于动力学-有限元-疲劳准则的链轨节疲劳寿命预测技术路线。首先，构建了液压挖掘机履带行走装置动力学模型，通过对比试验数据和动力学仿真结果，验证了动力学模型的正确；其次，将动力学模型提取的链轨节张紧力与动态接触载荷导入有限元分析软件，对链轨节网格各节点进行应力和应变数值求解；最后，针对链轨节多模式交变非对称载荷特征，基于多轴疲劳准则实现了结构寿命预测。结果表明：建立的仿真动力学模型关键参数数据与试验数据的均值误差在10%以内，预测了液压挖掘机直行和转向两种工况下的链轨节疲劳寿命，直行工况寿命超过10⁷次循环，转向工况寿命为3.59×10⁶次循环。

关键词: 液压挖掘机, 链轨节, 疲劳寿命, 动力学建模, 有限元

Abstract:

The hydraulic excavator track link was selected as the research object. A comprehensive methodology for predicting track link fatigue life， based on integrated dynamics-FEA-fatigue criterion analysis， was proposed. Initially， a dynamic model of the hydraulic excavator track link was constructed and validated by contrasting key parameter data obtained from experiments and simulations. Subsequently， the extracted dynamic loads，including track tension and contact forces derived from the dynamic model，were imported into finite element analysis software. Stress and strain solutions were numerically computed at all nodal points within the track link mesh. Finally， addressing the characteristic multi-mode， alternating， asymmetric loading of the track link， structural life prediction was implemented based on a multiaxial fatigue criterion. The results demonstrate that the mean error between critical parameter data from the established simulation model and experimental data was maintained within 10%. Fatigue life predictions were obtained for the track link under both straight-line travel and steering conditions of the hydraulic excavator. The predicted life exceeded 10⁷ cycles under straight-line travel， while a life of 3.59×10⁶ cycles was predicted for the steering condition.

Key words: hydraulic excavator, track link, fatigue life, dynamic modeling, finite element

中图分类号:

TH114

王国强,马超洋,郭志远,王帅,左国棚,刘世博. 液压挖掘机履带链轨节疲劳分析[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2026, 56(9): 2292-2301.

Guo-qiang WANG,Chao-yang MA,Zhi-yuan GUO,Shuai WANG,Guo-peng ZUO,Shi-bo LIU. Fatigue analysis methods for hydraulic excavator track links[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2026, 56(9): 2292-2301.

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参数名称	数值
重量/kg	71 000
排量/L	15.681
履带板宽度/m	0.6
链轨节节距/m	0.228
接地长度/m	4.6
轨距/m	3.08
驱动轮齿数	23
驱动轮分度圆半径/m	0.392
支重轮每侧个数	9
拖带轮每侧个数	3
履带板数	52
地面摩擦系数	0.7

工况	参数	仿真均值	实测均值	误差
直行	速度（km/h）	2.038 1	2.028 6	0.46%
直行	转矩（N·m）	12 500	12 784	2.22%
转向	外侧履带速度（km/h）	2.016 3	1.959 2	2.91%
	内侧履带速度（km/h）	1.417 1	1.350 5	4.93%
	外侧履带转矩（N·m）	63 636	61 079	4.19%
	内侧履带转矩（N·m）	40 057	44 318	9.61%

参数	描述	数值
E	弹性模量/MPa	210 000
μ	泊松比	0.3
HSS	静水应力敏感性	0.35
LHF	极限硬化因子	5
SHF	应变硬化因子	1
TAFE	A型疲劳极限/MPa	274.4
UTS	极限抗拉强度/MPa	980

工况	最小安全因子	寿命
直线行驶	1.225 7	大于10⁷
转向行驶	0.501 4	3.59×10⁶