考虑主动尾翼气动性能的车辆稳定性优化控制

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20250276

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解决高速行驶或低附着路面下车辆轮胎与地面之间附着力趋于饱和而行车驱动能力不足的问题，提出了一种考虑主动尾翼作用的驱动可行域建立以及带主动尾翼的车辆稳定性控制方法。首先，从主动尾翼的气动性能分析出发，解析主动尾翼带来的整车气动升力与气动阻力，并将其分解至车辆动力学模型中；其次，在融合主动尾翼的车辆模型基础上，以轮胎摩擦圆为约束，推导考虑主动尾翼的驱动可行域建立；最后，以所得驱动可行域作为输入约束，基于非线性模型预测控制方法，设计考虑主动尾翼作用的车辆稳定性控制器。借助CarSim和Simulink联合仿真平台，在不同工况下进行了物理仿真实验。结果表明，主动尾翼能够改善车辆轮胎垂直载荷的分布，扩大车辆行驶驱动可行域的范围，且能够在精确完成轨迹跟踪的同时，提升车辆的稳定性与安全性。

关键词: 主动空气动力学, 主动尾翼, 驱动可行域, 模型预测控制, 车辆稳定性控制

Abstract:

In order to solve the problem that the adhesive force between the vehicle tire and the ground tends to be saturated under high speed or low adhesion road surface， this paper puts forward a method to establish the driving feasible region considering the action of the active rear wing and control the stability of the vehicle by the active rear wing. Firstly， based on the analysis of the aerodynamic performance of the active rear wing， the aerodynamic lift and aerodynamic drag brought by the active rear wing are analyzed and decomposed into the vehicle model. Secondly， based on the vehicle model with active rear wing， the driving feasible region of active rear wing is established with the tire friction circle as the constraint. Finally， a layered controller was designed based on the active rear wing， and a joint simulation platform of CarSim and Simulink was built. physical simulation experiments were carried out under different working conditions. The results show that the active rear wing can improve the distribution of vertical loads on vehicle tires， expand the feasible range of vehicle driving， and while accurately completing trajectory tracking， enhance the stability and safety of the vehicle.

Key words: active aerodynamics, active rear wing, driving feasible region, model predictive control, vehicle stability control

中图分类号:

TP273

王德军,韩超楠,章寿清,李英,赵婧. 考虑主动尾翼气动性能的车辆稳定性优化控制[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2026, 56(9): 2502-2514.

De-jun WANG,Chao-nan HAN,Shou-qing ZHANG,Ying LI,Jing ZHAO. Vehicle stability optimization control considering active rear wing aerodynamic performance[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2026, 56(9): 2502-2514.

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参数	符号	单位	数值
车辆质量	m	kg	1 359.8
质心与地面高度	h	m	0.512
前轮轮距	d_f	m	1.414
后轮轮距	d_r	m	1.414
前轴间距	l_f	m	1.062
后轴间距	l_r	m	1.485
前轮侧偏刚度	K_f	N/rad	66 930.0
后轮侧偏刚度	K_r	N/rad	62 700.0
整车转动惯量	I_z	kg·m²	1 992.54

参数	数值/N
主动尾翼产生气动阻力范围	-1 500~-200
主动尾翼产生下压力范围	-600~2 000