混掺纤维改性沥青制备及增强增韧机理

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20250164

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究混掺纤维对沥青增强增韧的作用机理，制备了硫酸钙晶须与玄武岩纤维混掺纤维增强沥青材料。通过动态剪切流变仪温度扫描试验、多重应力蠕变恢复试验、扫描电镜测试等方法，分析了混掺纤维对沥青流变性能、微观结构等的影响。结果表明：硫酸钙晶须和玄武岩纤维均能显著提高沥青结合料的高温稳定性，其中硫酸钙晶须效果尤为突出；当硫酸钙晶须含量为5%且玄武岩纤维含量为1.0%时，混掺纤维改性沥青失效温度相较基质沥青提高约19.58%。然而，硫酸钙晶须不利于低温下的柔韧性表现，而适量添加玄武岩纤维则可有效缓解由硫酸钙晶须引起的过度硬化问题。此外，随着玄武岩纤维比例的增大，沥青的温度敏感度先上升后下降，在玄武岩纤维掺量为1%时达到最佳平衡点。扫描电镜分析证实硫酸钙晶须在沥青中具有良好的分散性和相容性，且玄武岩纤维在体系中主要起到增韧作用。

关键词: 道路工程, 改性沥青, 硫酸钙晶须, 玄武岩纤维, 混掺纤维, 流变性能

Abstract:

To study the mechanism of hybrid fiber enhancement of asphalt toughening， calcium sulfate whisker and basalt fiber hybrid fiber reinforced asphalt materials were prepared. The temperature scanning test of dynamic shear rheometer， multiple stress creep recovery test， and scanning electron microscope test and other tests were conducted to analyze the the effects of hybrid fibers on asphalt rheological properties， microstructure， etc. The results show that both calcium sulfate whisker and basalt fiber can significantly improve the high-temperature stability of asphalt binder， and the effect of calcium sulfate whisker is especially prominent； when the content of calcium sulfate whisker is 5% and the content of basalt fiber is 1.0%， the failure temperature of hybrid fiber-modified asphalt is improved by about 19.58% compared with that of matrix asphalt. However， calcium sulfate whisker is detrimental to the flexibility performance at low temperatures， and the addition of basalt fiber can effectively alleviate the excessive hardening problem caused by calcium sulfate whisker. In addition， the temperature sensitivity of asphalt increased and then decreased with the increase of basalt fiber proportion， and reached the optimal equilibrium point when the basalt fiber doping was 1%. Scanning electron microscope analysis confirmed that calcium sulfate whisker had good dispersion and compatibility in asphalt， and that basalt fiber mainly played the role of toughening in the system.

Key words: road engineering, modified asphalt, calcium sulfate whisker, basalt fiber, hybrid fiber, rheological property

中图分类号:

U414

陈鲁川,张凯,王亮,赵晓康,张久鹏,王铭,何印章. 混掺纤维改性沥青制备及增强增韧机理[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2026, 56(9): 2317-2328.

Lu-chuan CHEN,Kai ZHANG,Liang WANG,Xiao-kang ZHAO,Jiu-peng ZHANG,Ming WANG,Yin-zhang HE. Preparation of hybrid fiber⁃modified asphalt and reinforcement and toughening mechanism[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2026, 56(9): 2317-2328.

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技术指标	试验值	规范要求	试验方法
针入度（25 °C）/0.1 mm	84	80~100	T0604
软化点（环球法）/°C	46.3	≥45	T0606
延度（10 °C）/cm	24	≥20	T0605
密度（15 °C）/（g·cm^-3）	1.032	—	T0603
蜡含量/%	1.91	<2.2	T0615

指标	数值与描述	单位
外观	白色粉末	—
松散密度	0.15~0.3	g/cm
密度	2.69	g/cm
直径	1~15	μm
平均长度	20~35	μm
长径比	20~35	—
莫氏硬度	3	—

参数	数值	单位
长度	6	mm
直径	15	μm
密度	2.64	g/cm
拉伸强度	3 000	MPa
弹性模量	65.2	GPa
断裂伸长率	2.58	%
熔点	79.1	°C
质量损失（热稳定性）	0.47	%
吸湿率（水稳定性）	0.8	%
吸油倍数（吸油性）	6.048	—

沥青类型	CSW掺量/%	BF掺量/%
DH~90#（基质沥青）	0	0
0%BF（加入矿粉）	0	0
5%CSW	5	0
1.0%BF	0	1.0
5%CSW+0.4%BF	5	0.4
5%CSW+1.0%BF	5	1.0
5%CSW+1.6%BF	5	1.6

温度/℃	兰氏温度/°R	剪切模量/Pa	相位角/（°）	剪切黏度/（Pa?s）	lg（η^*）/（Pa?s）	lg（lg（η^*））/（Pa?s）
30	545.67	170 900	71.87	21 891.891 89	4.340 283	0.637 518
40	563.67	46 127	76.04	5 336.675 768	3.727 271	0.571 391
50	581.67	12 895	80.31	1 382.830 496	3.140 769	0.497 036
60	599.67	3 102.5	84.40	317.552 193 6	2.501 815	0.398 255
70	617.67	900.23	86.89	90.670 524 86	1.957 466	0.291 694
80	635.67	291.83	88.44	29.235 654 6	1.465 913	0.166 108