吉林大学学报(工学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (10): 2515-2523.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20250487

• 车辆工程·机械工程 •    

喷孔结构对氢气射流特性的影响

解方喜1,2(),刘雨昂1,2,金兆辉1,2(),赵哲1,2,杨书鉴1,2,王瑞1,2   

  1. 1.吉林大学 汽车底盘集成与仿生全国重点实验室，长春 130022
    2.吉林大学 汽车工程学院，长春 130022
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-03 出版日期:2026-10-01 发布日期:2026-10-09
  • 通讯作者: 金兆辉 E-mail:xiefx2011@jlu.edu.cn;jinzhaohui@jlu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:解方喜（1982-），男，教授，博士. 研究方向：超低排放及低碳技术. E-mail： xiefx2011@jlu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    吉林省教育厅科学技术重大项目(JJKH20241277KJ);吉林大学2025年实验技术项目(SYXM2025a005);吉林大学青年师生交叉学科培育项目(2025-JCXK-26);广东省汽车清洁动力与能源应用重点实验室开放项目（GACRND-2024-JS0964（A））

Influence of nozzle structure on the characteristics of hydrogen jet

Fang-xi XIE1,2(),Yu-ang LIU1,2,Zhao-hui JIN1,2(),Zhe ZHAO1,2,Shu-jian YANG1,2,Rui WANG1,2   

  1. 1.National Key Laboratory of Automotive Chassis Integration and Bionics，Jilin University，Changchun 130022，China
    2.College of Automotive Engineering，Jilin University，Changchun 130022，China
  • Received:2025-06-03 Online:2026-10-01 Published:2026-10-09
  • Contact: Zhao-hui JIN E-mail:xiefx2011@jlu.edu.cn;jinzhaohui@jlu.edu.cn

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摘要：

基于定容弹试验平台以及CONVERGE软件搭建的定容弹仿真模型，研究了喷孔结构（喷孔直径、喷孔间锥角、喷孔数量）对氢气射流特征参数的影响规律。研究发现：喷孔直径增大时，氢气射流贯穿距、面积、体积及卷吸比均先增大后减小。小孔径射流初始锥角较大，所有孔径的射流锥角最终趋于稳定；喷孔间锥角增大时，射流贯穿距、面积、体积及卷吸比先减小后增加，射流锥角则先增后减；喷孔数量增加时，射流贯穿距、面积、体积及卷吸比均先减后增，多孔射流的稳定锥角更大。研究结果揭示了喷孔结构与氢气射流特性间的关系，可为氢气喷射系统优化提供依据。

关键词: 氢气射流, 定容弹, 喷孔结构, 射流特性

Abstract:

Based on the fixed-volume bomb test platform and the fixed-volume bomb simulation model constructed by CONVERGE software， the influence of the nozzle structure（nozzle diameter， angle between holes， and number of holes） on the characteristic parameters of the hydrogen jet is investigated. It is found that the penetration distance， area， volume and volume-absorption ratio of the hydrogen jet first increase and then decrease when the diameter of the jet hole increases. The initial cone angle of the jet is larger for small apertures， the cone angle of the jet tends to stabilize for all apertures； when the cone angle between the jets is increased， the jet penetration distance， area， volume， and convolution-absorption ratio decrease and then increase， while the jet cone angle increases and then decreases； when the number of the jets is increased， the jet penetration distance， area， volume， and convolution-absorption ratio decrease and then increase， and the stabilized cone angle of the jet with multiple apertures is even larger. The results reveal the relationship between the structure of the nozzle holes and the characteristics of the hydrogen jet， which provides an important basis for the optimization of the hydrogen injection system.

Key words: hydrogen jet, constant volume bomb, nozzle structure, jet characteristics

中图分类号: 

  • TK463

图1

定容弹试验台架"

图2

定容弹仿真模型"

图3

射流宏观参数示意图"

图4

图像处理过程"

表1

模拟参数设置"

参 数数值
初始网格尺寸/mm2、4、8、16
喷射压力/MPa4
环境背压/MPa0.6
环境温度/K300
喷射脉宽/ms2
喷孔数1
喷孔直径/mm0.58
环境气体空气

图5

轴向贯穿距网格无关性验证"

图6

轴向贯穿距试验与仿真对比试验图"

图7

不同喷孔直径下的氢气射流质量分数云图"

图8

不同喷孔直径下氢气射流特征参数变化"

图9

喷孔间锥角示意图"

图10

不同喷孔间锥角下的氢气射流质量分数云图"

图11

不同喷孔间锥角下的氢气射流特征参数变化"

图12

单孔及5孔喷射器实物图"

图13

不同喷孔数量下的氢气发展形态"

图14

不同喷射孔数下的氢气特征参数变化"

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