Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition) ›› 2026, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (10): 2554-2565.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20250371

Previous Articles    

Trajectory tracking control method of unmanned tracked vehicle based on feedforward compensation of dynamics

Wei-jian JIA1(),Yao ZHAO1(),Peng-lei HU1,Xiao-bing WANG1,Bo-wen MENG2   

  1. 1.Department of Firepower,Army Artillery and Air Defense Forces Academy,Zhengzhou 450052,China
    2.Department of Logistics Support,Army Command College,Nanjing 210000,China
  • Received:2025-04-27 Online:2026-10-01 Published:2026-10-09
  • Contact: Yao ZHAO E-mail:jwjyxsl@163.com;zhaoyaodaxuede@163.com

Abstract:

Aiming at the model mismatch problem existing in the application of kinematic model to trajectory tracking control of unmanned tracked vehicles, a trajectory tracking control method based on feedforward compensation of dynamics was proposed for tracked vehicles. Firstly, based on the shear force-displacement theory, a steering dynamics model of the tracked vehicle was established, and the effectiveness of the dynamics model was verified. Then, taking a zero-differential steering unmanned tracked vehicle as the research object, a trajectory tracking error model was established, and a model predictive controller with dynamic feedforward compensation was designed. Finally, the proposed method was verified through field vehicle tests. The experimental results show that after the trajectory tracking controller based on the kinematic model is compensated by dynamic feedforward, the average lateral error and average heading angle error of the unmanned tracked vehicle's trajectory tracking control are reduced by 55.67% and 24.25%, respectively. The proposed method can be used as a reference for improving the trajectory tracking control accuracy of unmanned tracked vehicles.

Key words: tracked vehicles, dynamic model, feedforward compensation, model predictive controller, trajectory tracking

CLC Number: 

  • TJ810.1

Fig.1

Relationship among various motion parametersduring the steering of a tracked vehicle"

Fig.2

Variation of track-ground contact press under the influence of inertial force"

Fig.3

Force analysis during the steering of tracked vehicle"

Fig.4

Schematic diagram of trajectory tracking of a tracked vehicle"

Fig.5

Correspondence between vth and Δumax during turning of a tracked vehicle on sandy soil road surface"

Fig.6

Relationship between vth=6 m/s, Δu, and κ during turning of a tracked vehicle on sandy road surface"

Fig.7

Corresponding ku relationship between vth and κ of a tracked vehicle on a sandy road surface"

Fig.8

Working principle of the trajectory tracking control method based on feedforward compensation of dynamics"

Fig.9

Test vehicle and road surface"

Fig.10

Variation of vehicle state parameters during constant-speed circular steering of a tracked vehicle on sandy road surface"

Fig.11

Variation of steering trajectory and yaw rate error of a tracked vehicle on sandy road surface"

Table 1

Average yaw rate error and trajectory tracking error during ten constant-speed circular steering maneuvers of a tracked vehicle"

序号

vˉth/

(m·s-1)

R/m运动学模型转向动力学模型
θ˙error_m/(m·s-1)perror_m/m

θ˙error_m/

(m·s-1)

perror_m/m
12.312.282.0365.7930.2781.172
22.611.242.446.340.8660.263
32.616.351.8617.460.072.97
42.618.121.7816.690.1031.52
52.618.51.6811.560.211.68
62.619.641.4612.330.2131.94
73.312.62.666.040.531.55
83.519.52.11130.342.12
93.612.83.217.650.571.61
103.720.32.1813.90.072.28

Fig.12

Variation of the traveling trajectory of tracked vehicle"

Fig.13

Variation of the traveling speed of tracked vehicle"

Fig.14

Variation of the track speed difference betweentwo sides of a tracked vehicle"

Fig.15

Variation of lateral error in trajectory trackingcontrol for a tracked vehicle"

Fig.16

Variation of heading angle error in trajectory tracking control for a tracked vehicle"

Fig.17

Computational time consumption of trajectory tracking control for a tracked vehicle"

[1] 陈雨. 履带式无人作战平台建模与动态轨迹跟踪控制[D]. 南京: 南京理工大学机械工程学院, 2023.
Chen Yu. Modeling and dynamic trajectory tracking control of tracked unmanned combat platforms[D]. Nanjing: College of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 2023.
[2] 程蔚. 融合双目视觉的履带车辆自主导航研究[D]. 长春: 吉林大学机械与航空航天工程学院, 2024.
Cheng Wei. Research on autonomous navigation of tracked vehicles integrating binocular vision[D]. Changchun: College of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, 2024.
[3] 林智. 灾后野外道路履带式无人车路径规划与轨迹跟踪研究[D]. 长沙: 中南大学轻合金研究院,2023.
Lin Zhi. Path planning and trajectory tracking of tracked unmanned vehicles on post-disaster field roads[D]. Changsha: School of Light Alloy Research, Central South University, 2023.
[4] Ruslan N A I, Amer N H, Hudha K, et al. Modelling and control strategies in path tracking control for autonomous tracked vehicles: a review of state of the art and challenges[J]. Journal of Terramechanics, 2023, 105: 67-79.
[5] Varma B, Swamy N, Mukherjee S. Trajectory tracking of autonomous vehicles using different control techniques (PID vs LQR vs MPC)[C]∥International Conference on Smart Technologies in Computing, Electrical and Electronics, Bengaluru, India, 2020: 84-89.
[6] Zou T, Angeles J, Hassani F. Dynamic modeling and trajectory tracking control of unmanned tracked vehicles[J]. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 2018, 110: 102-111.
[7] Sabiha A D, Kamel M A, Said E, et al. ROS-based trajectory tracking control for autonomous tracked vehicle using optimized backstepping and sliding mode control[J]. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 2022, 152: 104058.
[8] 胡家铭, 胡宇辉, 陈慧岩, 等. 基于模型预测控制的无人驾驶履带车辆轨迹跟踪方法研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2019, 40(3): 456-463.
Hu Jia-ming, Hu Yu-hui, Chen Hui-yan, et al. Research on trajectory tracking method of unmanned tracked vehicles based on model predictive control[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2019, 40(3): 456-463.
9 张彬, 邹渊, 张旭东, 等. 混动履带式无人平台轨迹跟踪控制研究[J]. 汽车工程, 2023, 45(4): 579-587.
Zhang Bin, Zou Yuan, Zhang Xu-dong, et al. Research on trajectory tracking control of hybrid tracked unmanned platform[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2023, 45(4): 579-587.
[10] 唐泽月, 刘海鸥, 薛明轩, 等. 基于MPC-MFAC的双侧独立电驱动无人履带车辆轨迹跟踪控制[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(1): 129-139.
Tang Ze-yue, Liu Hai-ou, Xue Ming-xuan, et al. Trajectory tracking control of bilateral independently electric-driven unmanned tracked vehicles based on MPC-MFAC[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(1): 129-139.
[11] Qin Z, Chen L, Fan J, et al. An improved real-time slip model identification method for autonomous tracked vehicles using forward trajectory prediction compensation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2021, 70: 1-12.
[12] 杨福威, 孟红, 朱强. 基于模型预测控制的履带式无人平台轨迹跟踪控制算法研究[J]. 舰船电子工程, 2018, 38(3): 44-50.
Yang Fu-wei, Meng Hong, Zhu Qiang. Research on trajectory tracking control algorithm of tracked unmanned platform based on model predictive control[J]. Ship Electronic Engineering, 2018, 38(3): 44-50.
[13] Peng H, Wang W, An Q, et al. Path tracking and direct yaw moment coordinated control based on robust MPC with the finite time horizon for autonomous independent-drive vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2020, 69(6): 6053-6066.
[14] Jia W, Liu X, Zhang C, et al. Research on steering stability of high‐speed tracked vehicles[J]. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2022, 2022(1): 4850104.
[1] Guo-qiang WANG,Chao-yang MA,Zhi-yuan GUO,Shuai WANG,Guo-peng ZUO,Shi-bo LIU. Fatigue analysis methods for hydraulic excavator track links [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2026, 56(9): 2292-2301.
[2] Shuo WANG,Wen-jun WANG,Bo CHENG. Semitrailer steering control method for tractor-semitrailers [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2026, 56(1): 54-63.
[3] Hong-zhuan ZHAO,Ze-jian WU,Xin ZHANG,Sheng-wen SHI,Wen-yong LI,Xin ZHAN,En-yong XU,Jia-ming WANG. Curve lattice model for connected commercial vehicles based on density dispersion and information transmission delay [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2025, 55(6): 2015-2029.
[4] Hong-jun XING,Yu-zhe XU,Zhong-ge ZHOU,Yan-qing LIU,Liang DING,Jin-bao CHEN. Configuration optimization of redundant wheeled mobile manipulators considering task priority [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2025, 55(11): 3507-3520.
[5] Xian-zhen HUANG,Rui YU,Hui-zhen LIU,Ji-wu TANG. Spindle vibration reliability analysis considering bearing nonlinear restoring force [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2025, 55(1): 116-124.
[6] Peng SHEN,Xiao-hua LI,Hui LIU. Prescribed finite-time tracking control with input buffer for a manipulator system [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2025, 55(1): 63-73.
[7] Yan-tao TIAN,Wen-yan YU,Yan-shi JI,bo XIE. Shared controller design for different driving behavior models [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2024, 54(9): 2676-2686.
[8] Sheng CHANG,Hong-fei LIU,Nai-wei ZOU. H∞ loop shaping robust control of vehicle tracking on variable curvature curve [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2024, 54(8): 2141-2148.
[9] Ying AN,Shuai GAO. Design of automatic mechanical transmission system based on torsional vibration reduction [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2024, 54(7): 1844-1850.
[10] Bin XIAN,Yin-xin WANG,Ling WANG. Distributed robust tracking control for multiple unmanned aerial vehicles: theory and experimental verification [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2024, 54(7): 2093-2103.
[11] Shao-hua WANG,Qi-rui ZHANG,De-hua SHI,Chun-fang YIN,Chun LI. Analysis of nonlinear vibration response characteristics of hybrid transmission system with dual-planetary gear sets [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2024, 54(4): 890-901.
[12] Xian-yi XIE,Yu-han WANG,Li-sheng JIN,Xin ZHAO,Bai-cang GUO,Ya-ping LIAO,Bin ZHOU,Ke-qiang LI. Intelligent vehicle trajectory tracking control based on adjusting step size of control horizon [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2024, 54(3): 620-630.
[13] Xue-ping FAN,Heng ZHOU,Yue-fei LIU. Time⁃variant reliability analysis of bridge members based on Gaussian Copula⁃Bayesian dynamic models [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2024, 54(2): 485-493.
[14] Sheng-jie HOU,Zhong-lai WANG,Peng-peng ZHI,Hao ZHENG,Jing XU. Trajectory tracking control method of biplane air vehicle considering model⁃environment uncertainty [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2024, 54(12): 3699-3710.
[15] Guo LIU,Jian XIONG,Xiu-jian YANG,Yang-fan HE. Intelligent vehicle trajectory tracking control based on curvature augmentation [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2024, 54(12): 3717-3728.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!