Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition) ›› 2026, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (10): 2515-2523.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20250487

   

Influence of nozzle structure on the characteristics of hydrogen jet

Fang-xi XIE1,2(),Yu-ang LIU1,2,Zhao-hui JIN1,2(),Zhe ZHAO1,2,Shu-jian YANG1,2,Rui WANG1,2   

  1. 1.National Key Laboratory of Automotive Chassis Integration and Bionics，Jilin University，Changchun 130022，China
    2.College of Automotive Engineering，Jilin University，Changchun 130022，China
  • Received:2025-06-03 Online:2026-10-01 Published:2026-10-09
  • Contact: Zhao-hui JIN E-mail:xiefx2011@jlu.edu.cn;jinzhaohui@jlu.edu.cn

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Abstract:

Based on the fixed-volume bomb test platform and the fixed-volume bomb simulation model constructed by CONVERGE software， the influence of the nozzle structure（nozzle diameter， angle between holes， and number of holes） on the characteristic parameters of the hydrogen jet is investigated. It is found that the penetration distance， area， volume and volume-absorption ratio of the hydrogen jet first increase and then decrease when the diameter of the jet hole increases. The initial cone angle of the jet is larger for small apertures， the cone angle of the jet tends to stabilize for all apertures； when the cone angle between the jets is increased， the jet penetration distance， area， volume， and convolution-absorption ratio decrease and then increase， while the jet cone angle increases and then decreases； when the number of the jets is increased， the jet penetration distance， area， volume， and convolution-absorption ratio decrease and then increase， and the stabilized cone angle of the jet with multiple apertures is even larger. The results reveal the relationship between the structure of the nozzle holes and the characteristics of the hydrogen jet， which provides an important basis for the optimization of the hydrogen injection system.

Key words: hydrogen jet, constant volume bomb, nozzle structure, jet characteristics

CLC Number: 

  • TK463

Fig.1

Hydrogen jet test rig"

Fig.2

Constant volume bomb simulation model"

Fig.3

Definition of macro-parameters of jet"

Fig.4

Image processing process"

Table 1

Analog parameter settings"

参 数数值
初始网格尺寸/mm2、4、8、16
喷射压力/MPa4
环境背压/MPa0.6
环境温度/K300
喷射脉宽/ms2
喷孔数1
喷孔直径/mm0.58
环境气体空气

Fig.5

Verification of axial penetration distance mesh-independence"

Fig.6

Test plot comparing axial penetration distance test and simulation"

Fig.7

Hydrogen jet mass fraction cloud for different jet orifice sizes"

Fig.8

Variation of characteristic parameters of hydrogen jet at different jet apertures"

Fig.9

Schematic diagram of cone angle between nozzles"

Fig.10

Cloud of hydrogen jet mass fraction at different nozzle cone angles"

Fig.11

Variation of characteristic parameters of hydrogen jet at different orifice cone angles"

Fig.12

Single-hole and five-hole injector diagrams"

Fig.13

Hydrogen development pattern with different number of vents"

Fig.14

Variation of hydrogen characterization parameters for different number of jet orifices"

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