低碳导向的网约车合乘意愿及激励策略

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20250155

Abstract

Abstract:

To promote the low-carbon transformation of urban transportation， the carbon emission reduction benefits of carpooling were returned to passengers in the form of price discounts， so as to incentivize the ride-sharing behavior in ride?hailing services. Based on prospect theory， passenger carpooling willingness under the incentive strategy was modeled. A carpooling matching model incorporating incentive mechanisms was developed， with two objective functions： maximizing the platform's total profit and maximizing passengers' generalized travel cost savings. The model accounts for multi-passenger carpooling， platform profitability， and time window constraints were solved using an optimization approach. A case study was conducted using real-world operational data from ride-hailing services in Xiamen City. From the perspectives of both passengers and the platform， the impact of the incentive strategy on passengers' generalized travel cost， platform profitability， and carbon emission reduction are analyzed. The results indicate that the incentive strategy has a positive significance in promoting passengers to shift from non-carpooling to carpooling. A platform-optimized strategy maximizes the carbon emission reduction but may lead to excessive detours for passengers. A fare discount rate of approximately 0.40 is found to be optimal， effectively promoting multi-passenger ride-sharing while balancing the interests of both passengers and the platform.

Key words: transportation planning and management, low-carbon travel, ride-sharing, incentive strategy, carbon revenue

CLC Number:

U121

Wen-jing WU,Zi-xi JIA,Hong-fei JIA,Xu YANG,Guo-fan LU. Low⁃carbon oriented carpooling willingness and incentive strategies for ride⁃hailing services[J].Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2026, 56(9): 2350-2360.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig.1

Table 1

Parameter descriptions"

参数	描述说明
$i 、 j$	乘客编号， $i, j = 1,2, …, n$
$Q i$	乘客 $i$ 的订单， $Q i ∈ Q$
$o i 、 d i$	乘客 $i$ 出行的起点、终点
$t i p 、 t i a$	乘客 $i$ 非合乘的出发、到达时刻
$t ? i p 、 t ? i a$	乘客 $i$ 合乘的出发、到达时刻
$t ? i$ /h	合乘模式下乘客 $i$ 的出行时间
$l ? i$ /km	乘客 $i$ 完成合乘出行的距离
$λ$	合乘价格折扣系数
$c 0 、 c d 0$ /元	乘客、司机端基础里程价格
$λ n s 、 λ d$ /（元/km）	乘客、司机端单位里程运价
$L 0$ /km	基础里程阈值
$β t$ /（元·h^-1）	时间价值
$β d 、 β s$	延迟惩罚系数、不舒适系数
$Q r$	$r$ 组乘客订单， $r ∈ R, Q r ∈ Q$
$O r 、 D r$	$r$ 组乘客出行起点、终点序列
$t ? r, 1 p$	$r$ 组乘客的出发时刻
$l r s$ /km	组乘客的总行驶距离
$δ i 、 δ j$ /h	乘客 $i 、 j$ 可接受的最大出发延迟
$v ˉ$ /（km·h^-1）	车辆的平均行驶速度
$p C O 2$ /（元·kg^-1）	单位质量碳排放量的交易价格

Table 1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Table 2

Model parameters"

参数	取值
$L 0$ /km	2
乘客端起步价 $c 0$ /元	12
司机端起步价 $c d 0$ /元	11
乘客端单位里程运价 $λ n s$ /（元·km^-1）	2
司机端单位里程运价 $λ d$ /（元·km^-1）	1.1
$v ˉ$ /（km·h^-1）	30
$β s$	1.2
$β t$ /（元·h^-1）	40
$β d$	1.2
$p C O 2$ /（元·kg^-1）	14

Table 2

Fig.6

Table 3

Fig.7

Table 4

Fig.8

Fig.9

Fig.10

References 16

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指标	乘客最优	平台最优
合乘价格折扣系数	0.40	0.55
合乘比例/%	38.17	59.01
广义出行成本节约/元	1 537.92	1 503.25
乘车时间节约/h	40.46	63.79
乘客绕行总时间/h	10.56	26.89
碳减排量/kg	212.57	335.20
平台利润/元	5 419.36	5 559.11

折扣系数	单独出行组	两人合乘组	三人合乘组	四人合乘组	合乘比例/%
0.20	989	2	0	0	0.40
0.25	943	25	0	0	5.04
0.30	852	60	7	0	14.20
0.35	736	99	17	2	25.88
0.40	614	124	33	8	38.17
0.45	536	127	41	20	46.02
0.50	457	133	46	33	53.98
0.55	407	111	64	43	59.01
0.60	334	120	73	50	66.36

Low⁃carbon oriented carpooling willingness and incentive strategies for ride⁃hailing services

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