吉林大学学报(医学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (5): 1345-1356.doi: 10.13481/j.1671-587X.20260516

• 基础研究 • 上一篇    

人骨髓间充质干细胞来源外泌体对大鼠脑出血后神经损伤的保护作用及其机制

曹俪馨1,钮春雪1,景猛2,杜秀梅2,米旭光1(),孟繁凯2,3()   

  1. 1.吉林省人民医院中心实验室,吉林 长春 130021
    2.吉林省人民医院神经外科,吉林 长春 130021
    3.长春中医药大学临床医学院,吉林 长春 130117
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-01 接受日期:2026-01-12 出版日期:2026-09-28 发布日期:2026-10-15
  • 通讯作者: 米旭光,孟繁凯 E-mail:mixg699@163.com;mfk2003721019@126.com
  • 作者简介:曹俪馨(1994-),女,吉林省长春市人,助理研究员,医学博士,主要从事细胞生物学方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    吉林省科技厅科技发展计划项目(YDZJ202201ZYTS182)

Protective effect of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on neurological injury after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats and its mechanism

Lixin CAO1,Chunxue NIU1,Meng JING2,Xiumei DU2,Xuguang MI1(),Fankai MENG2,3()   

  1. 1.Central Laboratory,People’s Hospital,Jilin Province,Changchun,130021,China
    2.Department of Neurosurgery,People’s Hospital,Jilin Province,Changchun,130021,China
    3.Clinical Medical School,Changchun University of Chinese Medicine,Changchun,130117,China
  • Received:2025-12-01 Accepted:2026-01-12 Online:2026-09-28 Published:2026-10-15
  • Contact: Xuguang MI,Fankai MENG E-mail:mixg699@163.com;mfk2003721019@126.com

摘要:

目的 探讨人骨髓间充质干细胞(hBMSCs)来源外泌体(Exo)对大鼠脑出血(ICH)后神经损伤的保护作用,并阐明自噬在该过程中的调控机制。 方法 将30只雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、ICH组和ICH+Exo组,每组10只。ICH组和ICH+Exo组大鼠采用胶原酶注射法建立大鼠ICH模型,假手术组大鼠仅钻孔并注射等量生理盐水;造模后24 h,ICH+Exo组大鼠于脑组织注射20 μg hBMSCs-Exo,ICH组大鼠仅注射磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)。于术后第1、3、7、14和21天评估各组大鼠改良神经功能缺损评分(mNSS)。于术后第7天,采用尼氏染色检测各组大鼠脑组织中尼氏阳性神经元数量,末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导dUTP缺口末端标记(TUNEL)染色法检测各组大鼠脑组织中TUNEL阳性细胞百分率,免疫荧光染色法观察各组大鼠脑组织中神经元核蛋白(NeuN)、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)和离子钙接头蛋白1(Iba1)表达情况,免疫组织化学法检测各组大鼠脑组织中自噬相关蛋白微管相关蛋白轻链3(LC3)、Beclin-1、P62和自噬相关蛋白7(ATG7)表达情况。体外以1-甲基-4-苯基吡啶离子(MPP?)诱导SH-SY5Y细胞氧化应激,设置对照组、MPP?组、MPP?+Exo组和MPP?+Exo+3-甲基腺嘌呤(3-MA)组。采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测各组细胞活性,吖啶橙(AO)染色法评估各组细胞自噬水平。 结果 mNSS评分,与假手术组比较,ICH组大鼠各时间点mNSS评分均明显升高(P<0.05);与ICH组比较,ICH+Exo组大鼠各时间点mNSS评分均明显降低(P<0.05)。尼氏染色,与假手术组比较,ICH组大鼠脑组织中尼氏阳性神经元数量明显减少(P<0.001);与ICH组比较,ICH+Exo组大鼠脑组织中尼氏阳性神经元数量明显增加(P<0.01)。TUNEL染色,与假手术组比较,ICH组大鼠脑组织中TUNEL阳性细胞百分率明显升高(P<0.05);与ICH组比较,ICH+Exo组大鼠脑组织中TUNEL阳性细胞百分率明显降低(P<0.05)。免疫荧光染色,与假手术组比较,ICH组大鼠脑组织中NeuN阳性细胞数量明显减少(P<0.05),脑组织中GFAP和Iba1阳性面积百分率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与ICH组比较,ICH+Exo组大鼠脑组织中NeuN阳性细胞数量明显升高(P<0.05)。免疫组织化学法,与假手术组比较,ICH组大鼠脑组织中LC3、Beclin-1、P62和ATG7蛋白阳性面积百分率均明显升高(P<0.05);与ICH组比较,ICH+Exo组大鼠脑组织中P62蛋白阳性面积百分率明显降低(P<0.05),LC3和ATG7蛋白阳性面积百分率明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。体外实验MTT法,与MPP?组比较,MPP?+Exo组SH-SY5Y细胞活性明显升高(P<0.05);与MPP?+Exo组比较,MPP?+Exo+3-MA组SH-SY5Y细胞活性明显降低(P<0.05)。AO染色法,与MPP?组比较,MPP?+Exo组SH-SY5Y细胞自噬水平明显升高(P<0.05);与MPP?+Exo组比较,MPP?+Exo+3-MA组SH-SY5Y细胞自噬水平明显降低(P<0.05)。 结论 hBMSCs-Exo可减轻大鼠ICH后神经损伤并改善其神经功能,其作用与促进自噬通量和抑制神经元凋亡等机制有关,自噬调控可能是其发挥神经保护效应的关键环节。

关键词: 外泌体, 脑出血, 自噬, 间充质干细胞, 神经保护

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the protective effect of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (hBMSCs-Exo) on neurological injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats, and to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of autophagy in this process. Methods ?For in vivo experiments,thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, ICH group, and ICH+Exo group, with 10 rats in each group. Collagenase injection method was used to establish the rat ICH model in ICH group and ICH+Exo group. The rats in sham operation group were only drilled and injected with the same volume of normal saline. At 24 h after modeling, the rats in ICH+Exo group were injected with 20 μg hBMSCs-Exo into the brain tissue, and the rats in ICH group were only injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The modified neurological severity scores (mNSS) of the rats in various groups were evaluated on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 post-surgery. At day 7 post-surgery, Nissl staining method was used to detect the numbers of Nissl-positive neurons in the brain tissue of the rats in various groups. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)method was used to detect the percentages of TUNEL-positive cells in the brain tissue of the rats in various groups. Immunofluorescence staining method was used to observe the expressions of neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) proteins in the brain tissue of the rats in various groups. Immunohistochemistry method was used to detect the expressions of autophagy-related proteins including microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3), Beclin-1, P62, and autophagy-related protein 7 (ATG7) in the brain tissue of the rats in various groups. For in vitro experiments, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP?) was used to induce oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells. The cells were divided into control group, MPP? group, MPP?+Exo group, and MPP++Exo+3-methyladenine (3-MA) group. Methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide(MTT) method was used to detect the cell activities in various groups. Acridine orange (AO) staining method was used to evaluate the levels of autophagy of the cells in various groups. Results The mNSS score results showed that compared with sham operation group, the mNSS scores of the rats in ICH group were significantly increased at all time points(P<0.05);compared with ICH group,the mNSS scores of the rats in ICH+Exo group were significantly decreased at all time points (P<0.05). The Nissl staining results showed that compared with sham operation group,the number of Nissl-positive neurons in the brain tissue of the rats in ICH group was significantly decreased (P<0.001);compared with ICH group,the number of Nissl-positive neurons in the brain tissue of the rats in ICH+Exo group was significantly increased (P<0.01). The TUNEL staining results showed that compared with sham operation group,the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells in the brain tissue of the rats in ICH group was significantly increased (P<0.05) ;compared with ICH group,the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells in the brain tissue of the rats in ICH+Exo group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The immunofluorescence staining results showed that compared with sham operation group,the number of NeuN-positive cells in the brain tissue of the rats in ICH group was significantly decreased (P<0.05),and no statistically significant difference was observed in the percentages of positive area of GFAP and Iba1 in the brain tissue (P>0.05) ;compared with ICH group,the number of NeuN-positive cells in the brain tissue of the rats in ICH+Exo group was significantly increased (P<0.05). The immunohistochemistry method results showed that compared with sham operation group,the percentages of positive area of LC3,Beclin-1,P62,and ATG7 proteins in the brain tissue of the rats in ICH group were significantly increased (P<0.05);compared with ICH group,the percentage of positive area of P62 protein in the brain tissue of the rats in ICH+Exo group was significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the percentages of positive area of LC3 and ATG7 proteins in the brain tissue of the rats were significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The in vitro MTT assay results showed that compared with MPP? group,the cell activity of SH-SY5Y cells in MPP?+Exo group was significantly increased (P<0.05); compared with MPP?+Exo group, the cell activity of SH-SY5Y cells in MPP?+Exo+3-MA group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The AO staining method results showed that compared with MPP? group, the autophagy level of SH-SY5Y cells in MPP?+Exo group was significantly increased (P<0.05); compared with MPP?+Exo group, the autophagy level of SH-SY5Y cells in MPP?+Exo+3-MA group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion ?hBMSCs-Exo alleviates neurological injury after ICH and improves neurological function in rats, and its effects are associated with promoting autophagic flux and inhibiting neuronal apoptosis. Autophagy regulation may be a key mechanism underlying its neuroprotective effect.

Key words: Exosomes, Intracerebral hemorrhage, Autophagy, Mesenchymal stem cells, Neuroprotection

中图分类号: 

  • R743.34