北极地区地质构造及主要构造事件

doi:10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.201502101

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

北极地区范围很广,北极圈面积达2 100×10⁴ km²,区域地质复杂。通过对北极地区区域地质编图,笔者认为前寒武纪主要由波罗的、劳伦和西伯利亚三大克拉通,以及其间的微板块或地块组成。主要造山带包括新元古代-早寒武世的贝加尔造山带、晚志留世-早石炭世的加里东造山带、晚古生代-早中生代的海西造山带、晚中生代的上扬斯克造山带、新西伯利亚造山带与楚科奇-布鲁克斯造山带。根据北极地区区域地质构造特征,显生宙以来经历的构造事件大致包括:新元古代-早寒武世的贝加尔运动,致使波罗的古陆与斯瓦尔巴-喀拉地块碰撞造山;晚泥盆世-早石炭世的加里东运动,在劳伦古陆周边形成规模巨大的加里东造山带;晚古生代的海西运动,波罗的古陆与西伯利亚古陆的碰撞造山形成海西造山带;北极阿拉斯加-楚科奇微板块裂离加拿大边缘,侏罗纪加拿大海盆开始张开;早白垩世,阿拉斯加-楚科奇微板块继续与西伯利亚碰撞,阿纽伊洋(Anyui Ocean)消亡,形成上扬斯克-布鲁克斯造山带。受北极调查程度影响,许多问题有待进一步研究。

关键词: 北极, 北冰洋, 区域地质, 构造事件, 克拉通, 造山带

Abstract:

It is quite big area, with about 21×10⁶km², in the north of Arctic Circle, and complicated in tectonics. A basal structural map of Arctic area was compiled, based on the published data. It can be suggested that Precambrian base is composed of 3 cratons, such as Laurentia, Siberian and Baltica, and some terrains between them. The main orogenic belts include Baikalides, Caledonides, Hercynides, Verkhoyansk, and New Siberian-Chukotka-Brooks orogenic belts. Based on the tectonic features, the Arctic area should undergo the following main tectonic events in Phanerozoic Eon: 1)Baikalidian movement in Late Neoproterozoic-Early Cambrian, which resulted in the collision of Baltica continent with Svalbard-Kara massif and formation of Baikalides; 2)Caledonian movement in Late Silurian-Early Carbonferous, which resulted in the formation of Caledonides around the Laurentia continent; 3)Hercynidian movement in Late Palaeozoic-Early Mesozoic, which led to the collision between Baltica continent and Siberian continent; 4)Microplate of Alaska-Chukotka split from the north margin of Canada;and the Canadian Ocean started opening as the breakup of Pangea in Jurassic; 5)Alaska-Chukotka microplate shifted forward to the Siberia and collided to the northern Siberia in Early Cretaceous, which resulted in the formation of Verkhoyansk and New Siberian-Chukotka-Brooks orogenic system. In consideration with the limited geological and geophysical survey, further research is needed to discover much more tectonic features in Arctic region.

Key words: Arctic, Arctic Ocean, regional geology, tectonic event, craton, orogeny

中图分类号:

P561.662

李学杰, 姚永坚, 杨楚鹏, 陈振林, 汪俊, 张亚玲. 北极地区地质构造及主要构造事件[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2015, 45(2): 335-348.

Li Xuejie, Yao Yongjian, Yang Chupeng, Chen Zhenlin, Wang Jun, Zhang Yaling. Tectonic Features and Main Tectonic Events in the Arctic Area[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2015, 45(2): 335-348.

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