吉林大学学报(地球科学版)

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内分泌干扰物的环境危害:雌激素及其硫酸盐在土壤中的吸附规律

Alkali Mohammed1,杨悦锁1,2,杜新强1,杨明星1,Abdullahi Musa3   

  1. 1.吉林大学环境与资源学院,长春130021;
    2.卡迪夫大学地球科学学院,英国 卡迪夫CF10 3YE;
    3.纳萨拉瓦州立大学环境科学学院,尼日利亚 凯菲PMB 1022
  • 收稿日期:2012-07-23 出版日期:2013-03-26 发布日期:2013-03-26
  • 通讯作者: 杨悦锁(1962-),男,教授,博士生导师,主要从事地下水管理与环境污染方面的研究 E-mail:Yangyuesuo@jlu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:Alkali Mohammed(1977-),男,博士研究生,主要从事环境污染修复方面的研究,E-mail:madaki@ymail.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(41272255);国家“863”计划项目(2007AA06Z343);吉林大学科学前沿与交叉学科创新项目(201103112)

Environmental Risk of EDC: Estrone and Its Sulphate Conjugate’s Sorption from Mediator Solutions in Soils of Nasarawa State of Nigeria

Alkali Mohammed1, Yang Yuesuo1,2, Du Xinqiang1, Yang Mingxing1, Abdullahi Musa3   

  1. 1.College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun130021, China;
    2.School of Earth Science, Cardiff University, Cardiff WalesCF10 3YE, UK;
    3.Department of Environmental Sciences, Nasarawa State University, KeffiPMB 1022, Nigeria
  • Received:2012-07-23 Online:2013-03-26 Published:2013-03-26

摘要:

雌激素(E1)及其硫酸盐化合物(E1-3S)是能改变生物机体内分泌功能并对机体引起有害效应的内分泌干扰物,主要表现为危害人类的生殖机能、造成发育异常及引发某些癌症等。其大量存在于直接暴露的放牧草场中,主要是动物粪便中。由于雌激素性质不稳定,当被土壤吸附后易被代谢为其他物质,造成了对土壤吸附作用过高的估计,使得难以准确评估其对人体的危害程度。为此,笔者以质量浓度为555 mg/L的CaCl2溶液(混合态)以及动物尿液(自由态)2种不同类型溶液作为雌激素载体,研究了尼日利亚纳萨拉瓦州3个不同地区农业土壤介质对不同形态雌激素的吸附规律。结果表明:2类物质的吸附均符合Freundlich非线性等温线过程,土壤对E1-3S的分配系数(2.4~6.4 L/kg)比E1 (34.2~46.8 L/kg)中小一个数量级;3种土壤中,由于有机碳质量分数(分别为Lafia:8.2%;Doma:4%;Azara:5%)、矿物成分以及pH值的不同,致使它们对物质的吸附系数差别较大;雌激素在相同土壤、不同溶液中的吸附系数差别也较大,其在Azara土壤中CaCl2溶液及动物尿液中的分配系数分别为71.7 L/kg和39.8 L/kg。传统方法中以CaCl2溶液作为载体获得的吸附含量用于评价雌激素污染风险是不合理的,需采用实际载体溶液进行的实验结果才有应用价值。

关键词: 雌激素, 雌激素硫酸盐, 吸附, 缓冲溶液, 有效分配系数

Abstract:

Estrone (E1) and its sulphate conjugate estrone-3-sulfate (E1-3S) are chemicals that interfere with endocrine in animals. This disruptions can cause developmental disorders, birth defects, and cancerous tumors. Both chemicals are released to the environment in animal waste in significant amounts, and direct exposure occurs in grazed pasture systems. Both compounds have been shown to potentially contribute to endocrine disruption in wildlife, and knowledge about the sorption behavior of these compounds is necessary for a sound riskassessment. For labile compounds such as E1 and E1-3S, however, the standard protocols might overestimate sorption by not considering metabolite formation or allowing for equilibration that exceeds the commonly reported half-lives of these compounds. Modified batch sorption experiments with mediator solution of 555 mg/L calcium chloride (CaCl2) and artificial urine solution were therefore conducted to determine the influence of these mediator solutions on the sorption of E1 and E1-3S in three agricultural soils from Nasarawa state of Nigeria. Sorption isotherms of both compounds were nonlinear, and the Freundlich equation was found adequate to describe the isotherms. The sorption potential of E1-3S (2.4-6.4 L/kg) was about one order of magnitude lower than for the free counterpart (34.2-46.8 L/kg), and the Kf values significantly changed between the two mediator solutions. Different organic carbon content (Lafia: 8.2%;Doma: 4%;Azara: 5%), clay mineralogy and pH value were the main causes of various adsorption ability. Effective distribution coefficients of estrone in Azara soil with CaCl2 and artificial urine solution were 71.7 L/kg, 39.8 L/kg respectively. The calculation of concentration-dependent effective distribution coefficients (Kd) revealed that for a range of realistic exposure concentrations in a grazed farming system, the common approach of using CaCl2 would deliver incorrect inferences for a sound risk assessment.

Key words: estrone, estrone-3-sulfate, sorption, mediator solutions, effective distribution coefficient

中图分类号: 

  • P641.69
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