泥石流源地坡面土体活动随机性规律实验

吉林大学学报(地球科学版)

泥石流源地坡面土体活动随机性规律实验

郭晓军^1,2, 李泳¹, 崔鹏¹

1.中国科学院山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室/中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所，成都610041;
2.中国科学院大学，北京100049

收稿日期:2013-10-23 出版日期:2014-07-26 发布日期:2014-07-26
通讯作者: 李泳（1967-），男，研究员，主要从事自然地理和自然灾害方面的研究 E-mail:ylie@imde.ac.cn
作者简介:郭晓军(1985-)，男，助理研究员，博士，主要从事水文学和泥石流方面的研究，E-mail:aaronguo@imde.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（41301008）；中国科学院重点部署项目（KZZD-EW-05-01-02）

Experiment on Random Law of Slope Soil Movement in the Source Area of Debris Flow

Guo Xiaojun^1，2, Li Yong¹, Cui Peng¹

1.Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Land Surface Progress/ Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS, Chengdu〓610041, China;
2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China

Received:2013-10-23 Online:2014-07-26 Published:2014-07-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

坡面土体的崩塌活动是泥石流形成的初始过程。为了研究降雨条件下该过程中蕴含的随机性，选择典型泥石流源地坡面进行人工降雨实验，观测坡面径流和坡面土体活动特征。结果表明：坡面径流的产生与坡面土体的供给是2个相对独立的过程；坡面产流过程在时间上具有连续性，空间上具有均匀性，规模上具有稳定性；即使是在恒定的降雨强度条件下，泥石流的源地土体活动也表现为一个离散的土体崩塌序列，具有时间上的间歇性、空间上的聚集性、规模上的随机性，且在时间上服从泊松分布，在规模上服从规模-频率的幂率关系；坡面的水土过程是不完全同步的，泥石流的形成依赖于坡面土体补给的时间、空间和规模分布，这也决定了泥石流阵流的多变和流量的涨落。建立基于土体活动特征的随机性补给模型，结合分布式水文模型，是建立科学的泥石流预报模型的有效方法。

关键词: 泥石流源地, 土体活动, 产流, 泥石流阵流

Abstract:

The runoff yield and slope failures are the source of debris flows in watersheds. The previous study focuses on the deterministic mechanism formation of slope failures for debris flow initiation and hydrological processes for debris flow runoff calculation. This paper aims to reveal and discuss the randomness process of slope failures. Artificial rainfall experiment was conducted on selected typical debris flow source region to observe the movement features of slope runoff and soil body. Results showed that slope failure and runoff formation are two separated processes. Runoff generation was continuous, evenly and stably distributed on slope. Slope failure presented a sequence of soil body collapse with the features of intermittence in time, aggregation in space, and remarkable fluctuation in magnitude. Slope failures time interval fit the Poisson distribution and its magnitude fit the powerlaw. The soil and water supplies were unsynchronized, the debris flow initiation depend not only on the flood generation, but also on the spatiotemporal characteristics of the slope failure processes, which leads to high variety and fluctuation of debris flows even under the same rainfall condition. This study contributes the debris flow formation and runoff calculation by taking debris flow formation as a randomness and discontinuous process and revealing the spatial characteristics of slope failures.

Key words: debris flow source region, soil collapses, runoff yield, debris flow surges

中图分类号:

P642.23

郭晓军, 李泳, 崔鹏. 泥石流源地坡面土体活动随机性规律实验[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2014, 44(4): 1260-1268.

Guo Xiaojun, Li Yong, Cui Peng. Experiment on Random Law of Slope Soil Movement in the Source Area of Debris Flow[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2014, 44(4): 1260-1268.

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