吉林大学学报(地球科学版) ›› 2016, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 594-602.doi: 10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.201602303
刘洋, 李炳秀, 刘财, 陈常乐, 杨学亭
Liu Yang, Li Bingxiu, Liu Cai, Chen Changle, Yang Xueting
摘要：
地震信号在地下传播时会受到地层吸收衰减的影响,从而降低了地震资料的分辨率。因此地震波吸收衰减补偿是地震资料处理中的一项重要环节。本文研究的地层吸收衰减补偿方法主要基于局部时频变换(LTFT),该方法能够调节选取谱分解的频率范围和频率采样间隔,解决了短时傅里叶变换固定时窗和小波系数无法提供波形频率的精确估计值问题,适用于非平稳地震信号的时频分析。在求取地层Q值的方法中,频谱比值法具有高效简单的特点,有着广泛的应用范围。本文假设地下介质为层状变Q模型,使用局部时频变换将信号转换为时频域,通过频谱比值法求出各层的Q值,最后根据Kolsky衰减模型来补偿地震信号。理论模型测试和实际资料处理的结果表明,本文提出的方法能够有效恢复衰减信号,提高地震资料的分辨率。
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