高精度分频相干加强技术在微小断层识别中的应用

doi:10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.201605305

吉林大学学报(地球科学版) ›› 2016, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 1571-1579.doi: 10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.201605305

高精度分频相干加强技术在微小断层识别中的应用

冯智慧¹, 张文春¹, 李向群¹, 孙广利¹, 刘财²

1. 吉林建筑大学测绘与勘查技术学院, 长春 130118;
2. 吉林大学地球探测科学与技术学院, 长春 130026

收稿日期:2016-02-21 出版日期:2016-09-26 发布日期:2016-09-26
通讯作者: 刘财(1962-),男,教授,博士生导师,主要从事探地雷达和地震数据处理的研究,E-mail:liucai@jlu.edu.cn E-mail:liucai@jlu.edu.cn
作者简介:冯智慧(1981-),男,博士,主要从事油气地质与地震方法方面的研究,E-mail:wolfshouse@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展计划（“973”）项目（2013CB429805，2009CB219301）；国家自然科学基金项目（41174080，41340039）；国家公益性行业科研专项项目（201011078）

Application of High-Precision Frequency Division Coherency Enhancement Technique in Micro-Fault Identification

Feng Zhihui¹, Zhang Wenchun¹, Li Xiangqun¹, Sun Guangli¹, Liu Cai²

1. School of Surveying and Exploration & Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China;
2. College of GeoExploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China

Received:2016-02-21 Online:2016-09-26 Published:2016-09-26
Supported by:
Supported by the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China (2013CB429805, 2009CB219301);the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41174080, 41340039) and Public Welfare Industry Research Projects(201011078)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着致密油、页岩气等非常规能源领域勘探程度的加深，特别是水平井位的大规模部署，微小断层的准确识别比以往更加重要。本文利用扩散滤波技术在压制噪声的同时能够增强地震同相轴横向连续性、使断点更加清晰、以及微小断层在窄频带地震数据中断层特征明显的特点，提出了一种基于高精度快速匹配追踪的分频相干加强微小断层识别方法。与常规短时窗傅氏变换谱分解技术相比，基于匹配追踪的谱分解技术更适用于地震信号非平稳性的特点。为了在保证匹配追踪算法计算高效性的同时进一步提高计算精度，对其进行了相应的改进：采用可变尺度参数的Morlet小波构建时频原子库，利用二阶微分复数道分析技术得到高分辨率三瞬参数，最后给出了具体的实现步骤。实际数据应用表明，与常规相干体技术相比，分频相干加强技术对微小断层的反映更为清晰、准确，而且对河道边界和岩性发育区等地质信息也有更好的反映。这不但为非常规勘探（以水平井钻探及大规模压裂为核心技术）提供了更详细的地质信息，而且在高含水老油田的剩余油开发中也将发挥更大的作用。

关键词: 分频相干加强, 快速匹配追踪, 水平井, 复数道分析, 微小断层

Abstract:

With the deepening of unconventional petroleum resource exploration, such as tight oil, shale gas and so on, especially the large-scale horizontal well deployment, the accurate identification of micro-faults is more important than before. According to the characteristics that diffusion filtering technique can enhance seismic events lateral continuity and suppress noise at the same time, make the offset point more clear, and the feature of micro-fault is very obvious in narrow-frequency seismic data, the authors proposed a frequency division coherence method to identify micro-faults. The spectral decomposition technology based on matching pursuit is more suitable for the characteristic of a non-stationary seismic signal than the conventional short-time window Fourier transform spectral decomposition technique. This paper proceeds the corresponding improvement to make it more efficient and more accurate: adopting adjustable parameter Morlet wavelet to establish time-frequency atom dictionaries, using second-order differential complex trace analysis method to get three instantaneous parameters with high resolution, and giving the concrete implementation steps. The application of actual data shows that the frequency division coherence technique is clearer and more accurate for the identification of micro-faults comparing with the traditional coherence technique, and even more preferable for the geological information such as a river channel boundary and a lithology development zone. It provides more geological information for unconventional petroleum resources exploration (for horizontal well drilling and the large scale fracturing) and will play an important role in the development of the remaining oil with high containing water.

Key words: frequency division coherency enhancement, matching pursuit, horizontal well, complex trace analysis, micro-fault

中图分类号:

P631.4

冯智慧, 张文春, 李向群, 孙广利, 刘财. 高精度分频相干加强技术在微小断层识别中的应用[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2016, 46(5): 1571-1579.

Feng Zhihui, Zhang Wenchun, Li Xiangqun, Sun Guangli, Liu Cai. Application of High-Precision Frequency Division Coherency Enhancement Technique in Micro-Fault Identification[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2016, 46(5): 1571-1579.

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高精度分频相干加强技术在微小断层识别中的应用

Application of High-Precision Frequency Division Coherency Enhancement Technique in Micro-Fault Identification

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