非洲中南部铜多金属矿床研究现状及找矿潜力分析

doi:10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.201704110

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 非洲中南部地区的铜资源主要分布在赞比亚、刚果（金）和南非等12个国家，笔者根据非洲陆壳的形成、后期新元古代泛非运动及古生代—新生代的沉积作用等影响，将除非洲大陆西北缘，从摩洛哥到突尼斯的阿特拉斯山脉以外的非洲大陆划分为Ⅰ级构造单元；以新元古代泛非运动作为标志将非洲陆块划分为西非克拉通、东北非克拉通、中非克拉通、南非克拉通和泛非构造带5个Ⅱ级构造单元；将中南部非洲地区划分为28个Ⅲ级构造单元。在此基础上，笔者将非洲大陆划分为Ⅰ级成矿域，中南部非洲划分为南非克拉通金-铁-锰-铬-镍-铀-金刚石成矿省、中非克拉通金-铜-铁-钨-锡-铌-钽-金刚石成矿省和泛非构造带成矿省3个Ⅱ级成矿省及32个Ⅲ级成矿区（带），其中12个成矿区（带）与铜矿床有关。从地质特征及矿床成因方面对主要成矿区（带）中代表性的沉积变质-改造型铜钴矿床、与镁铁—超镁铁岩侵入体有关的铜镍矿床、与绿岩带有关的铜矿床、与碳酸岩体有关的铜矿床和与灰岩有关的铜多金属矿床进行了系统的总结。在缺乏重点地区物化探资料的条件下，笔者根据非洲中南部铜资源分布的国家、构造单元的划分、成矿区（带）的划分及代表性矿床特征，将非洲中南部地区初步划分为5个铜多金属矿找矿潜力区，并进行了初步的找矿潜力分析。

关键词: 铜多金属矿床, 研究现状, 成矿潜力分析, 非洲中南部

Abstract: Copper resources in the Southern and Central Africa are mainly distributed in 12 countries such as Zambia, DR Congo, and South Africa. Based on the study of the formation of African continent, subsequent Neoproterozoic pan-African movement, and Paleozoic-Cenozoic sedimentation, the authors suggest that apart from the northwestern margin of the continent, namely the region from the Morocco to Atlas mountains in Tunisia, the African continent is a grade Ⅰ tectonic unit, and which can be broken down into 5 grade Ⅱ and 28 grade Ⅲ tectonic units by taking the Neoproterozoic pan-African movement as a marker. The 5 gradeⅡtectonic units include the Western African craton, the Eastern African craton, the Central African craton, the Southern African craton, and the pan-African structural belt; on the basis of the above tectonic breakdown, the whole African continent is suggested to be the grade Ⅰ metallogenic domain, and which is divided into 3 grade Ⅱ metallogenic provinces and 32 grade Ⅲ metallogenic regions(belts). 12 of them are related to copper deposits. The 3 metallogenic provinces include Au-Fe-Mn-Cr-Ni-U and diamond metallogenic province in the Southern African craton, Au-Cu-Fe-W-Sn-Nb-Ta and diamond metallogenic province in the Central African craton, and the metallogenic province in pan-African tectonic belt. A preliminary analysis was conducted. Based on the results of geological characteristics and mineralization setting, a summary of the typical ore deposits in the major metallogenic regions (belts) is given in this paper to cover a variety of deposits such as sedimentary metamorphic-reformed Cu-Co deposits, mafic and ultramafic intrusive related Cu-Ni deposits, greenstone belt related copper deposits, carbonate rock related copper deposits, and copper polymetallic deposits associated with limestone. According to the distribution of copper resources, the breakdown of tectonic units, the metallogenic regions (belts), and the characteristics of representative deposits, the authors divide the central and Southern Africa into five potential copper polymetallic ore prospecting areas.

Key words: copper polymetallic deposits, research status, metallogenic potential analysis, Central-Southern Africa

中图分类号:

P618.4

任军平, 王杰, 刘晓阳, 贺福清, 何胜飞, 左立波, 许康康, 龚鹏辉, 孙凯, 刘宇. 非洲中南部铜多金属矿床研究现状及找矿潜力分析[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2017, 47(4): 1083-1103.

Ren Junping, Wang Jie, Liu Xiaoyang, He Fuqing, He Shengfei, Zuo Libo, Xu Kangkang, Gong Penghui, Sun Kai, Liu Yu. Research Status and Prospecting Potential of Copper Polymetallic Deposits in Central-South Africa[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2017, 47(4): 1083-1103.

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