Abstract: Superconducting magnetic measurement technology, especially the vector magnetic measurement system based on superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), has extremely high magnetic sensitivity, broadband response, and excellent vector detection ability. The white noise of the superconducting magnetometer can reach 10 fT/Hz, and the noise of the full tensor gradiometer can reach 0.01 nT/(m·Hz). This technology has become a frontier research direction in the field of geophysical detection. In this paper, the basic principle of SQUID magnetic measurement technology, the device type (high temperature and low temperature SQUID) and its corresponding system configurations such as magnetometer, magnetic gradiometer, and tensor gradiometer are systematically reviewed. The key progress in the development of SQUID vector magnetic measurement systems at home and abroad in recent years has been analyzed, covering core technologies such as system integration and noise suppression. On this basis, the typical application cases and effects of this technology in mineral resources exploration, military target detection, archaeological investigation and other fields are elaborated in detail. The article also discusses the current status of SQUID preparation process, and looks forward to the future technology development trend and application prospects in view of the challenges faced by superconducting materials, system integration, data processing, etc., so as to provide a reference for the further development of superconducting geophysical vector magnetic survey technology in China.

Key words: superconducting quantum interference device, vector magnetic measurement, full tensor magnetic gradient measurement, system integration