Abstract: A total of 59 topsoil samples and 2 profile samples were collected in Panzhihua mining area, geochemical distribution, mobility and potential ecological risk of vanadium were analyzed to show that: (1) the average content of vanadium in topsoil was 2.79 times higher than China soil background value, most vicinities around mining area was polluted; (2) the concentration of vanadium was reduced along with the depth increasing in soil profile, which indicated that the source of vanadium in topsoil was little influenced by parental rocks; (3) the anthropogenic contamination of vanadium in topsoil was light and moderate through the analysis of enrichment factor; (4) vanadium pollution was caused by the dry deposition of dusts from mining activities; （5） the chemical speciation of vanadium were: insoluble residue > oxidizable =reducible > soluble component, while the ecological risk was potential because of vanadium bioavailability was high.

Key words: geochemical distribution, chemical speciation, topsoil, vanadium, Panzhihua region