吉林大学学报(工学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (2): 383-392.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20240764

• 车辆工程·机械工程 • 上一篇    

基于停车视距的高速公路下坡段货车制动可靠性

张航1(),熊宇豪1,吕能超2   

  1. 1.武汉理工大学 交通与物流工程学院,武汉 430063
    2.武汉理工大学 智能交通系统研究中心,武汉 430063
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-10 出版日期:2026-02-01 发布日期:2026-03-17
  • 作者简介:张航(1967-),男,副教授,博士.研究方向:道路规划与设计,路线设计理论与方法,道路交通安全设计与评价.E-mail:zhanghang1999@sina.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(52072290);湖北省重点研发计划项目(2022BAD142)

Reliability of truck braking on downhill sections of highways based on stopping sight distance

Hang ZHANG1(),Yu-hao XIONG1,Neng-chao LYU2   

  1. 1.School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430063,China
    2.Intelligent Transportation Systems Research Center,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430063,China
  • Received:2024-07-10 Online:2026-02-01 Published:2026-03-17

摘要:

为进一步提升货车制动过程的安全性,对高速公路下坡段货车停车视距可靠性进行了研究,构建了考虑防抱死制动系统(ABS)的4阶段停车视距模型。该模型引入可靠度理论,采用蒙特卡罗方法对高速公路下坡段货车停车视距可靠度进行分析,给出货车停车视距建议值。同时,通过工程实例与TruckSim仿真验证模型的合理性。结果表明:停车视距失效概率与事故率有正相关性;可靠度模型计算值误差较规范值更小,结果更加保守。本文研究成果对降低道路安全风险具有一定的现实意义。

关键词: 道路工程, 可靠度理论, 停车视距, 货车, 高速公路, TruckSim

Abstract:

In order to further improve the safety of truck braking process, the reliability of truck stopping sight distance on downhill section of highway is studied. A four-stage stopping sight distance model considering the ABS is constructed. The reliability theory is introduced to analyze the reliability of truck stopping sight distance on the downhill section of the highway by using Monte Carlo method, and the suggested value of truck stopping sight distance is given. Furthermore, the rationality of the model is verified by engineering examples and TruckSim simulation. The results show that there is a positive correlation between the probability of stopping sight distance failure and the accident rate; the error of the calculated value of the reliability model is smaller than the standardized value, and the results are more conservative. It shows that the research results have certain practical significance for reducing road safety risks.

Key words: highway engineering, reliability theory, stopping sight distance, truck, highway, TruckSim

中图分类号: 

  • U412.3

图1

ABS影响下的停车视距四阶段模型"

表1

下坡段货车停车视距规定值 (m)"

纵坡坡度/%设计速度/(km·h-1
12010080
0245180125
3265190130
4273195132
5200136
6139

表2

华中地区某高速公路下坡断面货车车速相关参数"

设计速度/ (km·h-1

样本

正态参数/(km·h-1logistic参数
平均值标准差位置参数尺度参数
8078563.6116.19763.6113.417
10094280.7657.12480.7653.928
12093897.5258.21197.5254.527

表3

摩擦指数与抗滑性能、摩擦因数及路面状况的关系"

摩擦指数抗滑性能实际摩擦因数对应路面状况
1级优异0.75~0.96常温、干燥、无杂质
1级良好0.65~0.75干燥、无积水
1级正常0.56~0.64潮湿、少量积水
2级稍差0.51~0.55积水、低温
3级较差0.41~0.50积水伴浮雪、霜
4级很差0.31~0.40积雪
5级极差0.18~0.30结冰

表4

不同安全等级对应可靠度"

项目结构安全等级
一级二级三级
公路等级高速公路一级公路二级公路
目标可靠度/%959085

图2

不同设计车速下下坡段货车停车视距可靠概率曲线"

表5

设计速度80 km/h货车停车视距建议值 (m)"

路面摩擦

指数

道路纵坡/%
3456
1级130132136139
2级157159161163
3级179182187192
4级201207213220
5级354385425473

表6

设计速度100 km/h货车停车视距建议值 (m)"

路面摩擦

指数

道路纵坡/%
345
1级190195200
2级232237240
3级271278285
4级308320333
5级622698790

表7

设计速度120 km/h货车停车视距建议值 (m)"

路面摩擦

指数

道路纵坡/%
34
1级265273
2级327333
3级390401
4级455478
5级1 0721 232

图3

事故类型分布图"

表8

货车停车视距可靠度实例分析与修正(v=80 km/h)"

序号桩号范围纵坡/%

事故率/

(次·km-1

区间车速失效概率/%95%可靠度视距值/m
最大值/(km·h-1最小值/(km·h-1
1K149+40~K149+850520.7772.758.238.27171
2K152+500~K153+350412.6171.159.923.22153
3K165+600~K166+740321.8873.160.139.51172
4K171+800~K172+700315.4271.759.428.87155
5K176+500~K177+50511.6469.660.613.71148
6K185+300~K186+100314.7767.561.830.43157
7K189+900~K190+100415.8368.660.327.19155
8K197+000~K198+50311.8465.959.915.89149

图4

事故率与停车视距失效概率关系"

表9

TruckSim主要车辆参数"

参 数数值
整车质量/kg49 000
车长/mm6 800
车宽/mm2 500
车高/mm3 700
发动机最大功率/kW270
最大扭矩/(N·m-1900
比功率/(kW·t-15.51

图5

仿真结果及对比"

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