吉林大学学报(工学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (10): 3189-3199.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20240093

• 交通运输工程·土木工程 • 上一篇    

基于驾驶行为的声屏障设计对行车安全及舒适性评价影响

徐强1(),樊兆董2,黄迪1(),宋太龙2,李鑫聃1,陈亮2   

  1. 1.四川成邛雅高速公路有限责任公司,成都 610041
    2.山东省交通科学研究院,济南 250031
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-24 出版日期:2025-10-01 发布日期:2026-02-03
  • 通讯作者: 黄迪 E-mail:379573881@qq.com;2057919356@qq.com
  • 作者简介:徐强(1974-),男,高级工程师.研究方向:道路与桥梁. E-mail: 379573881@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    四川省交通运输厅科技项目(2020-ZL-B1)

Influence of noise barrier design based on driving simulation on driving safety and comfort evaluation

Qiang XU1(),Zhao-dong FAN2,Di HUANG1(),Tai-long SONG2,Xin-dan LI1,Liang CHEN2   

  1. 1.Sichuan Chengqiongya Expressway Co. ,Ltd. ,Chengdu 610041,China
    2.Shandong Transportation Research Institute,Jinan 250031,China
  • Received:2024-01-24 Online:2025-10-01 Published:2026-02-03
  • Contact: Di HUANG E-mail:379573881@qq.com;2057919356@qq.com

摘要:

为量化评估声屏障设计对驾驶员驾驶行为及驾驶感受的影响,依托四川天府新区至邛崃高速公路,提出不同复杂度及不同样式的声屏障设计方案,通过构建5个实验场景,招募25名驾驶员进行驾驶模拟实验,分析不同设计方案下驾驶员的驾驶行为及生理、心理变化特性;选取具有代表性的车辆运行指标及驾驶员生理、心理指标,构建基于博弈论组合赋权-Topsis综合评价模型。结果表明:声屏障图案连续性、信息负荷度等指标对驾驶员的驾驶行为、生理及心理产生显著性影响,降低信息负荷度、提高声屏障图案连续性可以有效降低横向加速度标准差、速度标准差,提高行车稳定性及安全性的同时,驾驶员的驾驶舒适性也得到明显提升。

关键词: 声屏障设计, 信息负荷度, 驾驶模拟, 博弈论组合赋权?Topsis法

Abstract:

In order to quantitatively assess how the design of sound barriers affects the driver's behavior and experience, the study proposes various acoustic barrier design schemes for the Sichuan Tianfu New Area-Qionglai Expressway, with different levels of complexity and style. To analyze the driving behavior of subjects under different design schemes, 25 participants were recruited to conduct driving simulation tests in five different scenarios. The study selected representative vehicle operation indexes and physiological and psychological indexes of the subjects. A comprehensive evaluation model was constructed based on the combination of game theory and the Topsis evaluation model. The results of the study are summarized in the following table. The research results indicate that the Topsis comprehensive evaluation model has a significant impact on the driving behavior, physiology, and psychology of the driver. Specifically, the continuity of the sound barrier pattern and the degree of information loading are important indicators. To improve driving stability and safety, it is recommended to reduce the degree of information loading and improve the degree of pattern continuity. These changes can effectively reduce the lateral acceleration standard deviation and speed standard deviation. Additionally, the driver's driving comfort is also improved.

Key words: sound barrier design, information load degree, driving simulation, game theory combinatorial weighting Topsis method

中图分类号: 

  • U417.9

图1

驾驶员年龄分布情况"

图2

驾驶员驾龄分布情况"

图3

智能交通驾驶模拟平台"

表1

实验场景设计情况及问卷打分结果"

组别文化景观声屏障设计图案色彩舒适度图案连续性信息负荷度路景融合度
对照组--3191
实验组1梨花景区9977
实验组2历史文物1313
实验组3竹林7539
实验组4湖泊5755

图4

驾驶模拟场景仿真效果"

表2

实验指标及选取依据"

指标类型选取依据
行驶速度反映驾驶员在道路行驶时主观上判断为安全的期望车速,与道路限速值越接近表明安全性越高
横向加速度反映驾驶员驾驶车辆的稳定性,车辆稳定性越高,则安全性及舒适性越高
横向加速度标准差反映行车的速度波动情况,数值越小,则车速前后变化越小,行驶越稳定
瞳孔直径反映驾驶环境对视觉的刺激程度,瞳孔直径高于正常值,则视觉刺激较大,眼部舒适性较差
注视时间反映被注视对象对驾驶员的吸引程度或驾驶员进行正确判断所需要的时间
注视次数反映被注视对象对驾驶员的吸引程度
SDNN心率变异性的指标之一,评估心脏交感神经和副交感神经的平衡状态,用于反映驾驶员心理压力
RMSSD心率变异性的指标之一,指相邻正常心动周期差值的均方根,反映驾驶员心率快慢的变化程度
低频/高频(Low frequency/High frequency,LF/HF)心率变异性的指标之一,指交感神经与副交感神经的相对活跃程度,反映驾驶员的心理负荷程度

图5

不同组别路段驾驶员行车车速分布(500 m)"

图6

不同组别路段驾驶员行车车速分布(900 m)"

表3

配对样本t检验结果(车辆运行速度)"

组别配对样本差值95%置信区间t显著性(双尾)
下限上限
路段一(500 m)对照组—实验组1-2.488 817 50-1.563 551 46-9.908.000*
对照组—实验组2-.176 091 261.493 761 061.785.108
对照组—实验组3-3.903 110 97-3.478 986 46-39.374.000*
对照组—实验组4-11.082 110 32-9.571 268 88-30.924.000*
路段二(900 m)对照组—实验组12.091 719 642.997 195 0512.714.000*
对照组—实验组22.972 498 723.702 796 0820.677.000*
对照组—实验组3-8.794 931 52-6.097 018 44-12.487.000*
对照组—实验组4-6.995 320 43-6.659 303 79-91.927.000*

图7

不同组别路段车辆横向加速度分布(500 m)"

图8

不同组别路段车辆横向加速度分布(900 m)"

图9

驾驶员心率指标及眼动指标结果"

表4

评价指标集"

指标类型指标代码指标名称单位
驾驶行为数据B1平均行驶车速m·s-1
B2横向加速度标准差m·s-2
眼动数据B3瞳孔直径mm
B4注视时间s
B5注视次数
心率数据B6SDNNms
B7RMSSDms
B8LF/HF-
问卷数据B9图案的连续性-
B10色彩舒适度-
B11路景融合度-
B12信息负荷度-

表5

准则层权重和因素层权重结果"

指标类型准则层权重指标代码指标名称

因素层

权重

驾驶行为指标0.599 6B1平均行驶车速0.250 0
B2横向加速度标准差0.750 0
眼动指标0.210 9B3瞳孔直径0.637 0
B4注视时间0.104 7
B5注视次数0.258 3
心率指标0.133 9B6SDNN0.247 9
B7RMSSD0.282 6
B8LF/HF0.469 4

问卷数据

指标

0.055 6B9图案连续性0.131 8
B10色彩舒适度0.131 8
B11路景融合度0.067 8
B12信息负荷度0.668 5

表6

基于博弈论组合赋权的指标权重结果"

指标

代码

指标名称

熵权法

客观权重

AHP法

主观权重

组合

权重

B1平均行驶车速0.061 60.149 90.089 6
B2横向加速度标准差0.159 00.449 60.251 3
B3瞳孔直径0.095 50.134 40.107 8
B4注视时间0.072 10.022 10.056 2
B5注视次数0.079 20.054 50.071 4
B6SDNN0.085 00.011 80.061 8
B7RMSSD0.099 80.032 50.078 4
B8LF/HF0.068 80.089 60.075 4
B9图案连续性0.068 20.007 30.048 9
B10色彩舒适度0.069 20.007 30.049 6
B11路景融合度0.048 20.003 70.034 1
B12信息负荷度0.093 20.037 20.075 4

表7

基于组合赋权的Topsis法评价结果"

组别设计效果正理想解C+负理想解C-相对接近度Si评价结果
对照组-0.6640.4610.4104
实验组10.4820.7820.6195
实验组20.8260.2850.2561
实验组30.6550.5880.4733
实验组40.4840.7390.6042
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