Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition) ›› 2025, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (12): 3804-3813.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20240533

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Influence of hydrogen injection parameters in pre⁃chamber on combustion characteristics of ammonia fueled internal combustion engines

Fu ZHANG1(),Hai-e CHEN1,Jun LI1,2,Yu HU3,Lei WANG1   

  1. 1.Foshan Xianhu Laboratory，National Energy Key Laboratory for New Hydrogen-Ammonia Energy Technologies，Foshan 528200，China
    2.School of Vehicle and Mobility，Tsinghua University，Beijing 100091，China
    3.School of Automotive Engineering，Wuhan University of Technology，Wuhan 430070，China
  • Received:2024-06-20 Online:2025-12-01 Published:2026-02-03

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Abstract:

Based on a 2.2 L ammonia-fueled internal combustion engine equipped with an active pre-chamber， hydrogen was used as the pilot fuel， and the effects of different hydrogen injection parameters on combustion performance were analyzed via numerical simulation. The results indicate that compared with injection pulse width， hydrogen injection pressure and injection end timing have a more significant impact on combustion performance， particularly during the CA10-CA50 phase of the combustion duration. The research findings can provide a reference for the design of injection strategies for ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engines.

Key words: ammonia internal combustion engine, active pre-chamber, hydrogen injection, injection parameters

CLC Number: 

  • TK431

Table 1

Engine specifications"

参数数值
排量/L2.2
缸径/mm130
行程/mm166
进气门开启角度/°CA ATDC-377
进气门关闭角度/°CA ATDC-196
转速/（r·min-1）600

Fig.1

Engine geometry model"

Fig.2

Pre-chamber geometry model"

Table 2

Boundary conditions"

边界设置值
进口压力、温度
出口压力、温度
缸盖358 K
活塞347 K
缸套321 K
预燃室顶部400 K
预燃室中部580 K
预燃室底部700 K

Fig.3

Grid independence validation"

Fig.4

Model accuracy validation"

Table 3

Research proposal"

方案喷射压力/MPa

喷射结束时刻/

℃A ATDC

喷射脉宽/℃A

喷射

量/mg

1-42-160、-120、-80、-50189
5-82-160、-120、-80、-50115.4
9-122-160、-120、-80、-502512.6
13-162-160、-120、-80、-503618
17-201-160、-120、-80、-50256.3
21-241.5-160、-120、-80、-50259.45
25-282.5-160、-120、-80、-502515.75

Fig.5

In-cylinder pressure and heat release rate with different cases"

Fig.6

Combustion duration with different cases"

Fig.7

Pressure and heat release rate curves of pre-chamber with different cases"

Fig.8

Temperature distribution with different cases"

Fig.9

The laminar burning velocity of the hydrogen enriched ammonia changing with equivalence ratio for high hydrogen fraction at 303 K， 0.1 MPa"

Fig.10

Lambda and hydrogen ratio of pre-chamber at the ignition timing with different cases"

Fig.11

Fuel mass in pre-chamber at the ignition timing with different cases"

Fig.12

Lambda distribution in pre-chamber at the ignition timing with different cases"

Fig.13

Hydrogen mass in pre-chamber with different injection pressures and different end of injection timings"

Fig.14

Hydrogen mass in pre-chamber at the end of injection with different injection pressures and different end of injection timings"

Fig.15

Mass of hydrogen entered to pre-chamber at the end of injection with different injection pressures and different end of injection timings"

Fig.16

Mass of hydrogen inside pre-chamber at the ignition timing with different injection pressures and different end of injection timings"

Fig.17

Hydrogen mass in pre-chamber at the end of injection with different injection pulses and different end of injection timings"

Fig.18

Mass of hydrogen entered to pre-chamber at the end of injection with different injection pulses and different end of injection timings"

Fig.19

Ratio of hydrogen mass entered to pre-chamber to total mass of injection at the end of injection with different injection pulses and different end of injection timings"

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